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Population and The Environment - Coggle Diagram
Population and The Environment
Physical Factors
Soil
Soil degradation - The process of soil become less fertile and less usable for farming etc.
Zonal Soils - Soil that shows clear layers
Intrazonal Soils - soils with weakly developed horizons, found in a scattered way between the zonal soils
Different Types of soils: Chernozem, Tropical Latosols, Podzols, Ferruginous, Mediterranean
Pedosphere - the top-most layer of the earth, where all living things are
Types of Soil Erosion: Salination, Water logging, Soil erosion, Soil structure breakdown, Soil Compaction
Also Includes: Wind and Water Erosion
Climate
Tropical Monsoon Climates - involves the seasonal reversal of winds, in winter the monsoons are from the north, it is very dry and there is winter drought, in the summer the winds reverse direction and blow from the south east, bringing hot and wet air from the equatorial indian ocean
In Polar Climates, farming is done in tents to mitigate the effects of the cold on the plants. Because the weather is so harsh, arable farming is difficult and the majority of farming in polar regions is pastoral
In Tropical Monsoon Climates, the main crop farmed is rice, and there is a particular method to ensure the safety of the crops in the circumstances. Rice seedlings are grown in nurseries until
Polar Climates - Long and intensely cold winters, temperatures below 40 degrees C, snow and strong winds, permanent covering of the land by glacial ice with a layer of snow, the surface downwards freezes to produce permafrost, the top layers thaws for a short time in summer and is covered by snow in the winter (tundra)
Farming
Extensive Farming - small inputs of labour, fertilizers etc.
Subsistence Farming - surviving on the produce you make
Commercial Farming - making a living from farming
Arable Farming - Crops Only
Pastoral Farming - Animals Only
Climate-Smart Agriculture
70% more food - but land degradation and climate change that will affect Africa detrimentally
Carbon Capture
Increase in agricultural productivity
Minimising greenhouse gas emissions
Human Factors
Total Factor Productivity: how many Kg of grain per hectare, Kg of meat per animals or litres of milk per cow etc.
Population growth: it is expected that the population will continue to grow exponentially as well as our life expectancy, countries expected to grow in population the most are: Nigeria, Ethiopia, Tanzania and other African Countries
Agricultural Development Systems - 8 goals to make the world a better place, 2000 - 2013:
Cut poverty in half
Achieve environmental stability
Achieve universal primary education
More gender equality
Reduce child mortality
Improve maternal Health
Combat HIV/Aids, malaria, others
Develop global partnership for development
Green revolution and GMO's
The Green revolution: in the 50's/60's technology was used to heavily increase the yields as equipment improved drastically and farming became a lot more efficient
GMO's are genetically modified organisms that were introduced mainly in the 90's, it involved substances like fertiliser etc.