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IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES - Coggle Diagram
IMMUNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
Immune response
Non-specific defenses
Physical and chemical barriers
Cellular response
Phagocytic system
Mast cells
NK cells
Eosinophils
Humoral response
Complement system
Interferons
Specific defenses
Dendritic cells
Antigen presentation
Lymphocytes
T helper or CD4+
Extracellular
LTh1
LTh2
LTh17
T citotoxic or CD8+
Intracellular
Lymphocytes B
Recognizes antigen
Lymphocytes B proliferation
Antibodies (Ig) production
LTh2 cooperates
Mechanisms of action of antibodies
Neutralization of pathogens and toxins
Opsonization and phagocytosis of pathogens
Activation of the complement system through the classical pathway
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NK cells)
Dynamics of the humoral response
Antibody response
Highly specific
Has memory
Immunoglobulin structure and function
Adaptive immune system
Recognize pathogens and initiate an immune response
Light chain
Heavy chain
Isotype
IgM
IgD
IgA
IgE
IgG
Primary response
Naive B cells
No previous contact with the pathogen
Secondary response
B cells clonal expansion
Diagnosis and monitoring of infectious diseases
Sero diagnosis
Serum
Detection of antibodies
Heterophilic antigens
Weil-Felix reaction
Paul-Bunnell test
Cold agglutinin test
Immunological techniques
Obtaining antigens
In cytosolic water-soluble components
Membrane-bound with hydrophobic molecules
Sonicarion in highly insoluble products
Excretion-secretion antigens
Obtaining antibodies
Polyclonal antibodies
Recognize different epitopes of specific antigen
Tolerant to small antigen changes
Higher affinity and sensitivity
Monoclonal antibodies
Hybridoma cells
Produces specific antibodies
Fundamentals of immunological techniques
Immune complexes
Agglutination reactions
Precipitation reactions
Detection using markers
Primary techniques
Types of immunity
On the basis of presence at birth
Innate
Adaptative
On the basis of ownership of immunity
Active
Passive
On the basis of antigen specific antibody production
Cell-mediated
Humoral
Tracking infectious diseases
Serological monitoring of toxoplasmosis
Determination of IgG avidity
Seroepidemiology studies