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Psychodynamic approach - Coggle Diagram
Psychodynamic approach
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) developed the psychodynamic approach. He also developed a therapy called psychoanalysis which deals with conflicts within the mind created through traumatic experiences.
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The role of unconscious
The conscious mind refers to thoughts that occur without any conscious awareness. E.g. the drives and instincts that motivate behaviour.
Traumatic memories are also believed to be stored in the unconscious.
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Defence mechanisms
Too much conflict between the id and the superego causes anxiety, which can weaken the ego.
Defence mechanisms are strategies that are individuals use unconsciously to reduce anxiety.
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Psychosexual stages
According to Freud, we are driven by instinct to go through a series of stages in development from birth to 18years.
Too much gratification (pleasure) at one stage can lead to a person become fixated and trauma during a stage can also lead to fixation.
Oral (old) - 0-18months.
Pleasure is gained through the mouth. E.g. biting and sucking.
More likely to chew on pens, bite nails or smoke.
Addictive personality.
Anal (age) - 18months to 3years. Pleasure is gained through the anus. E.g. controlling faeces.
Anal retentive: organised, neat and reluctant to spend money.
Anal expulsive: messy, thoughtless.
Phallic (pensioners) - 3-6years. Pleasure is gained through the genitals. Depends on gender. Oedipus complex (boys), sexual feelings towards mother and experiences castration anxiety. And Electra complex (girls), sexual feelings towards father and develops penis envy.
Phallic personality: narcissist, reckless, homosexual possibility.
Latency (love) - 6-11years. Sexual energy is displaced throughout the body. Calm time in development with no conflicts to work through.
No fixation occurs and no effect on adult personality.
Genital (grapes) - 12years. Pleasure is gained through genitals again. Will remain this way for life.
Difficulty forming heterosexual relations.