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Humanistic approach - Coggle Diagram
Humanistic approach
Key assumption
- Every individual is unique generalisations between people should therefore not be made.
- Everyone has free will ability to choose what they do.
- People should be viewed holistically (as a whole).
- Scientific methods should not be used to study behaviour as all humans are different from each other.
Rogers: Focus on self
Rogers proposed that individuals have 3 selves. In order to achieve self-actualisation. they need to integrate all of their selves.
- The self-concept: the way a person sees themselves. E.g. if a person has low-self esteem, their self-concept will be poor.
- The ideal self: The self a person wishes to be. E.g. 'I wish I was more...'
- The real self: The way a person actually is
Congruence- To achieve self-actualisation a person needs to be congruent.
This means that their self-concept and ideal self are the same (or very similar).
An important part of achieving congruence is 'unconditional positive regard' when a person is loved for who they are by someone else.
Conditions of worth - Requirements that an individual feels they need to meet to be loved/feel worthy. Often these are boundaries set b parents.
If a person experiences conditions of worth, they will not have unconditional positive regard which reduces the chance of achieving self-actualisation.
Self- actualisation
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If a person achieves their full potential (which does not always happen) they experience the ultimate feeling of satisfaction.
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Founded in the 1950's by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
Criticised the psychodynamic approach for its focus on unhealthy developments and deterministic view.