In this scenario, a rogue star passes close to the Sun about 5 billion years ago. Material, in the form of hot gas, is tidally stripped from the Sun and the rogue star.

the passage of a massive star past the Sun would raise a huge solar tidal bulge from which matter would escape in the form of a filament.

Sir James H. Jeans (1877–1946) and Sir Harold Jeffreys.

growth
of planets.

Hypothetically, a shockwave from a supernova or the effect of a passing star may cause a cloud collapse. The collapse at the center of the cloud due to gravity occurs when gas pressure becomes insufficient to support the mass of the cloud. The collapsed cloud of interstellar gas and dust results in a smaller radius which means it will spin faster.

Planetesimals are small celestial bodies that combine under the force of gravity forming protoplanets. Planetesimals are small celestial bodies that combine under the force of gravity forming protoplanets.

The proponents of the nebular theory are Emanuel Swedenborg, Immanuel Kant, and Pierre-Simon Laplace.

It is the gradual accumulation of matter which results in an increase in size.

Planetesimal Theory is a form of encounter theory. It proposes that a passing star termed as an intruding star nearly collided with the
protosun.

The planetesimal theory is also known as the Chamberlin-Moulton Hypothesis, after its proponents Thomas Chowder Chamberlin and Forest Ray Moulton.