Classical Conditioning
association between two stimuli, resulting in learning
Neutral Stimulus bell, fridge door, can opening, bell, light etc without being paired with unconditioned stimuli.
Interventions use Extinction
Cue Exposure Therapy, Exposing a client to cues, Ex: Substance use disorders
Exposure with Response Prevention, Ex: Elevators, crowds, white rats
Implosive Therapy, encouraging the client to imagine a feared object or event, Ex: conflicts related to sexuality, hostility, or rejection.**
EMDR, exposure to trauma-related imagery, exposure to negative cognitions related to the feared event, and rehearsal of adaptive cognitions Ex: PTSD Phobia & others
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Interventions use Counterconditioning
Systematic Desensitization, 1) Deep muscle relaxation, 2) Create an anxiety hierarchy, 3) Imagines the stimuli included the hierarchy
Aversion Therapy Ex: Fetish, electric shot to arm
Classical Conditioning is a way that animals, including humans, learn to associate two things together. It's like when you hear a bell ring every time you get food. At first, the bell doesn't mean much to you. But if it keeps happening, eventually you start to link the bell with food. So, even if there's no food around, just hearing the bell can make you feel hungry. That's classical conditioning! It's about learning to connect two things in your mind.
Higher-order conditioning is like teaching someone to react to something by associating it with something else they've already learned to react to.
Imagine you teach a dog to salivate when it hears a bell by pairing the bell with food. Now, if you pair a light with the bell (without food), eventually the dog might start salivating just from seeing the light because it's associated with the bell, which is associated with food. That's higher-order conditioning!
Compound conditioning is like when two things are linked together, so when one thing happens, it makes the other thing happen too. For example, imagine you have a dog who learns that when you pick up its leash (the first thing), it's time for a walk (the second thing). So, whenever you pick up the leash, the dog gets excited because it knows a walk is coming. That's compound conditioning - where one action leads to another because they're connected in the brain.