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Respiratory Emergencies - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory Emergencies
Descriptions of diseases
Pneumonia
This disease is a secondary infection that collects in the surrounding normal lung tissues, impairing the lung's ability to exchange O2 and CO2.
Bronchiolitis
This disease is seen in newborns and toddlers. This often occurs due to RSV infection. The bronchioles become inflamed, swell, and filled with mucus.
Pertussis
This disease affects children younger than 6 years old. It is an airborne bacterial infection and highly contagious.
RSV
This disease is a common cause of illness in young children. It is an infection in the lungs and breathing passages. It can lead to other serious illnesses.
Epiglottitis
This disease is inflammation of the epiglottis and is life threatening. It is most seen in infants and children but can also be seen in adults.
Croup
This disease is seen in children between ages 6 months to 3 years. It is secondary to an acute viral infection of the upper respiratory tract by inflammation and swelling of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea.
Influenza Type a
This disease is an animal respiratory disease that has mutated to infect humas. It can make chronic medical conditions worse.
COVID 19
This disease is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2.
Tuberculosis
This disease is caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
and is a bacterial infection. It mostly affects the lungs but can also be found in any organ.
Assessment Findings
Pertussis
Someone who has this will have a fever and a "whoop" sound on inspiration after a coughing attack. Symptoms are like a cold but can have coughing spells that last up to 1 minute, causing the child to turn red or purple. Children may also not want to eat or drink and vomit.
Influenza Type A
This causes muscle aches, sore throat, cough, fever, headache, fatigue, and may lead to pneumonia or dehydration.
Pneumonia
Children will have rapid or labored breathing or breathing characterized by grunting or wheezing sounds. Sometimes the lips or fingernails can appear blue or gray. There can also be fever, abdominal pain, and vomiting.
COVID 19
Symptoms include high fever, chest pain during inspiration, cough, vomiting, diarrhea, and anosmia.
RSV
Children will be dehydrated and infants often refuse liquids.
Tuberculosis
Symptoms are fever, coughing, fatigue, night sweats, and weight loss. If it becomes severe, the patient can experience shortness of breath, coughing, productive sputum, bloody sputum, and chest pian.
Epiglottitis
Symptoms are sudden in onset. Children will look ill, have a high fever, have a sore throat, drooling, and in the tripod position.
Croup
This disease starts with a cold, cough, and a low-grade fever. Hallmark signs are stridor and a seal bark cough.
Treatments
Pertussis
Provide supplemental oxygen and suction thick secretions to clear the airway.
Pneumonia
Airway support and provide supplemental oxygen. Use oxygen with appropriate adjuncts. Prepare for possible deterioration in the patient's condition.
RSV
Treat airway and breathing problems as appropriate. Humidified oxygen is helpful if available.
Influenza Type A
Provide supplemental oxygen.
Epiglottitis
Keep children in a position of comfort and give high flow oxygen. Do not put anything in their mouths because it could trigger a complete airway obstruction.
COVID 19
Provide supplemetal oxygen.
Croup
It often responds well to administration of humidified oxygen.
Tuberculosis
Place a surgical mask or oxygen mask on the patient.
Bronchiolitis
Provide appropriate oxygen therapy and allow the patient to remain in the position of comfort. Suction thick mucus from the nostrils if present.