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Hist & Syst C7, 4 Major Programs of Research - Coggle Diagram
Hist & Syst C7
Terminology
Phi phenomenon: perception of motion when two lights (or other stimuli) are turned on and off with exactly the right timing, one right after the other
Insight learning: learning that happens rapidly (through sudden insight) rather than through trial and error, and which includes deep understanding.
Positive transfer: after experience or learning with one type of skill or problem, positive transfer leads to improvement in other skills or on other problems
Topological psych: Lewin’s system of psych that used spatial metaphors to understand and predict behavior in various environments
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Action research: Lewin’s term for research projects that solve real-world problems in nonacademic settings
Wertheimer (1880 - 1943)
Studied under Stumpf in Berlin, then Kulpe in Prague
Fascinated by apparent motion of objects outside a train, bought a stroboscope to study where movements come from
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Gestalt Psych
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Conceptual foundations
Grew out of perceptual theories of physicist Ernst Mach and experimental work of Christian Ehrenfels
Mach described properties of spatial and auditory forms (squares, circles, and simple melodies)
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Principles
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Proximity
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Closure: tendency to mentally fill in or complete missing parts of a visual configuration to make it perceptually whole or complete
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Lewin (1890 - 1947)
Life
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Finished high school in Berlin, studied medicine and biology at University of Freiburg and Munich. Found Wundtian psych irrelevant and dull
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Psychological Topology
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Each person moves in a life space containing goals w positive or negative valence. Goals create vectors that attract or repel → represented by non-quantitative geometry
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Other studies
Found that can change attitudes by changing behavior → encouraged AJC to challenge the college admissions quota system
Study of ways of handling a Bigot found that in playlets enacting bigotry, 80% of audience wanted to see bigot challenged, but calmly
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