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Feburary 1917 Revolution Causes:, Event - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 95% Russians lived in the countryside leading to the late revolution in 1890s
      - Industrialisation happened, and led to mass overcrowding and subsequent slum-like conditions with long working hours, and low wages
      - The rapid industrialisation / urbanisation led to a 20% inflation rate on bread by 1905
    - - Growth in nationalistic tendencies - divided nation
      - Growth in anti-sematic belief - 1.5million Jews left between 1881 and 1914 leading to political and economic instability
    - - Poor working conditions - Famine - due to redemption taxes
      - 85% peasants (farmers)
    - - Unsuccessful, Tsar fled on 22nd Jan 1905
      - Gapon led protestors to the Tsar soldiers again told to open fire, 4,000 died (Bloody Sunday)
      - "One of the key events that led to the Feburary Revolution"
    - - Set to stop unrest and restore order with freedom of speech and the formation of Duma government
      - Duma resolved 2 times by the Tsar and the 3rd Duma lasted 5 years until 1912
      - Tsar Nicholas consistently went back on his promises to the Duma the October Manifesto
      - Duma unsuccessful in the long term
- - - - War in 1914, against Germany and Austria-Hungary.
        Russia mobilised troops when Serbia was invaded by Austria-Hungary.
        Germany declared war on Russia 1 aug 1914
      - Swell of patriotic favour and Duma approval, before quickly realising how unprepared they were
      - First battle with germany, Battle of Tannenberg, 30,000 casualties 5 days
      - Late industrialisation took toll, factories could not handle pressure, ran out of ammo by dec 1914
      - No sufficient transport or communication, late urbanisation so little nationalist pride from soldiers
      - Autumn 1915, estimated 800,000 russian soldiers dead and no significant territory gains, that september after major russian retreat, tsar dismissed his army commander-in-chief Nicholas Nicholaevich
      - Tsar most crucial mistake to personally go to frontlines and lead
      - He was not prepared, had no previous involvement in strategic warfare and commanding armed forces
      - Ministers and generals recognised this and disapproved, he was personally blamed for russia’s defeat
    - - Tsarina Alexandra and Grigori Rasputin left to do day-to-day ruling of russia
      - Detrimental to stability and reputation of monarchy, tsarinas relationship with rasputin (disreputable/scandalous) and her german ancestry irreparably tarnished her image
      - She constantly fired ministers, 1915 to 1917 4 different pms
      - Nicholas out of touch, left st. petersburg when strikes and marches were occuring feb 1917
    - - He was not trained as a politician (statesman), rather a soldier
      - Preoccupied with family matters, specifically his haemophiliac son
      - Difficulty in settling into his role and devoting time to russia
      - Led to event because he was not equipped with sufficient skills to make appropriate decisions in WWI
    - - Culmination of events, complete distrust, increased frustrations, lost faith in tsar and autocracy
      - People wanted change, and with tsars absence in 1917 a power vacuum ensued giving way for revolutionary action
- - - - Tsarist regime, never be successful in industrialised Russia. It was built on hierarchical system, in which slavery/serfdom thrived, but in 1917 when factory work boomed and peasantry was substituted for a proletariat working class, the repressive backwards nature could never last.
        
        This is proved by late industrialisation, the Tsar's were comfy with conservative policies, lacked interest/encouragement.
        
        By 1917, generations of frustrations built among people, famines, slums, serfdom, peasantry, lost faith in leader and systems power to take care of you and Russia.
        
        Harsh conditions was more important as it cultivated a culture in which change on a revolutionary level was possible and inevitable.
        
        Poor decisions were only the trigger to determine specifics. With Tsar absent to WWI power vacuum created the opportunity for the revolution to play out.
        -- Therefore more significant cause --
  - - - Lack of faith and trust in the Tsar due to his time away and lack of understanding of his nation, which ultimately allowed for the revolution to happen due to discontent.
        
        Although the October Manifesto becomes apart of a long term cause, the changes to it due to the short term cause of the Tsar's poor decision making (going to the warfront) led to the ultimate distrust in his actions. When he went back on his promises to the Duma and the implementation of the October Manifesto, this led to greater mistrust and discontent - protests and revolution
        
        If he had followed his guidelines of the manifesto, Russia may have seen a much smoother transition to the dual-governance system of autocracy and democracy and the event of the February revolution in 1917 could have been prevented
        -- Therefore more significant cause --
- - - - Returning from the warfront, Tsar pushed into a siding in Petskov, forcing the abdication of him and his son 2nd March 1917
        
        The next day, 3rd March 1917, Tsar brother refuses the throne
        
        300 years of Romanov Dynasty comes to an end
        
        Russia becomes a democratic system under the provisional government and leader George Lvov
        
        Event led to formation of the USSR, and Russia’s worldwide emergence as a supernation (why significant)