The Industrial Revolution
Causes
agriculture was intensified and became more efficient.
rise in living standards
greater demand for goods
increase in population
new technologies and inventions
Jade Hargreaves' spinning jenny: one person could work eight spools at once
Edmund Cartwright's loom: linked cloth manufacture to water and steam power
Thomas Newcomen's steam engine: used to pump water out of mines
James Watt's steam engine
development of the factory system
industrial cities
life expectancy was below 20 years due to
working conditions
long working hours
women and children were employed
low wages
mushroom towns, built near factories
lack of elementary public services
overcrowded
air and water were highly polluted
diseases
heavy drinking to bear fatigue and alienation
incessant toil
new sources of power and transport
were built new waaterways
roesd conditions were improved
more efficient transports