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5.7 Election of 1860 and Secession - Coggle Diagram
5.7 Election of 1860 and Secession
The Road to Secession
John Brown’s Raid at Harpers Ferry
attack the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry
use guns from the arsenal to arm Virginia’s enslaved African Americans, whom he expected to rise up in revolt
Result
he was convicted and hanged
Brown’s raid divided Northerners
Moderates condemned his use of
violence
abolitionists hailed him as a martyr
The Election of 1860
Breakup of the Democratic Party
1st national convention
Stephen Douglas
most capable of winning the presidency
his nomination were angry Southerners and supporters of President Buchanan
2nd national convention
Many delegates from the slave states walked out
Southern Democrats then held their own convention
nominated Vice President John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky
Result
unrestricted extension of slavery in the territories
annexation of Cuba
a Spanish colony that still practiced slavery
Republican Nomination of Lincoln
drafted a platform
appealed to the economic self-interest of Northerners
and Westerners
exclusion of slavery from the territories
a protective tariff for industry
free land for homesteaders
internal improvements to encourage Western settlement
Abraham Lincoln
Southern radicals opposed
A Fourth Political Party
Constitutional Union Party
former Whigs
Know-Nothings
moderate Democrat
nominated John Bell
Election Result
Lincoln
only 39.8 percent of the popular vote
Result: minority president
solid majority of 59 percent of the electoral votes
the populous free states had enough electoral votes to elect a president without any electoral votes from the South
Secession of the Deep South
Crittenden Compromise
Buchanan
guarantee the right to hold slaves in all territories south of the old Missouri Compromise line, 36°30´
Lincoln could not accept
Cause: violated the Republican position against extension of slavery into the territories
Confederate States of America
limits on gov. impose tariff
limits on restrict slavery
A Nation Divided
Fort Sumter
cut of by Southern control of the harbor
Lincoln announced to send provisions of food to the small federal garrison
gave South Carolina
permitting the fort to hold out
opening fire
attack on Fort Sumter for 2 days
Result: united most Northerners behind a patriotic fight to save the Union
Secession of the Upper South
Virginia became a separate state in 1863
the decision to secede was controversial
The Confederates then moved their capital to Richmond, Virginia
Keeping the Border States in the Union
Delaware, Maryland, Missouri, and Kentucky not to join the Confederacy
Cause
pro-Union sentiment in those states
shrewd federal policies
The Confederates then moved their capital to Richmond, Virginia
U.S. troops prevented the pro-South elements from gaining control
Keeping the border states in the Union was a military and political goal for Lincoln
Result
increase the Confederate population by 50 percent
weaken the North’s strategic position
rejected initial calls for the emancipation of slaves
Cause: avoid alienating Unionists in the border states