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Enzymes - Coggle Diagram
Enzymes
Enzyme Catalysis
Mechanisms of catalysis
Specific acid-base catalysis.
Electrophilic catalysis
General Acid Base Catalysis
Ribonuclese A
Nucleophilic catalysis.
Proximity effects
Covalent Catalysis
Six Classes of Enzymes
Oxidorectuctases :
Lyases
Ligases
Tranferases
Isomerase
hydrolases
Structure
Holoenzyme
(Protein + Cofactor )
Cofactors
(organic or inorganic molecules)
Coenzymes
NAD+, Coenzyme A
REDOX Reations
Transfer of electrons to catalyze reactions
Prosthetic Groups
Hemes , Flavins
Biotin
Metal ions stabilize reactions
Apoenzyme
(Protein only - non protein portion missing)
Enzyme Regulation
Conformational changes
Conformational changes by covalent modifcation
(Phosphhorlation - dephosphorlation )
phosphorylation or
dephosphorylation
glycoslylation
acetylation
methylation
ubiquitination
sulfunation
Confromformational change by proteolytic cleavage
Zymogens
trypsinogen
Proinsulin
chymotrypsinogen
Conformational change by prortein -protein interactions
GTP - binding proteins
B-adrenergic receptors
Conformational Changes by Allosteric Modulators
Cooperativity
Positive Cooperativity
Negative Copperativity
Bohr effect
Two Models of Cooperativity
Concerted Model
"all or nonne"
Oxygeneation curve of O2
Sequential Model
Enzyme Kinectics