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Neurolinguistics - Coggle Diagram
Neurolinguistics
The brain
Aphasia
It's the neurological term for any language disorder that results from brain damage caused by disease of trauma.
The study of aphasia has been an important area of research in understanding the relationship between brain and language
Aphasiology or linguistic aphasiology is the dominant branch of neurolinguistics.
It's an acquired language disorder, often defined as a focal lesion; other acquired disorders are also caused by progressive neurological diseases, such as dementias.
Localization
Is the idea that different human cognitive abilities and behaviors are localied in specific arts of the brain, where linguistic and other cognitive capacities are functions of localized brain areas.
is composed of cerebral hemispheres joined by the corpus callosum, which allows the two hemispheres to communicate with each other
The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body, sensory information of the left side is received by it
The left hemisphere controls the right side of the body, sensory imput to the right side of the body is received by it
Its surface is the cortex often called "grey matter" consisting of billions of neurons
Lateralization
This variety of aphasia that occurred in patients with lesions in area of the left hemisphere temporal lobe, now known as Wenicke's area.
Broca's aphasia occurs when the left hemisphere of the brain, in the front part is injured. This aphasia is characterized by labored speech and certain kinds of word-finding difficulties, affects the person's ability to form sentences with the rules of syntax (agrammatic language is produced)
Views between the brain and language
Localism: it tries to find locations or centers in the brain for different language functions
Associationism: it situates language functions in the connections between different areas of the brain
Dynamic localization of function: it assumes that functional dynamicsystems of localized subfunctions perform language functions
Associationism: it situates language functions in the connections between different areas of the brain
Holistic theories: they consider many language functions to be handled by widespread areas of the brain working together
Evolution-based theories: they stress the relationship between how the brain and language evolved over time in different species
It studies the relation of language and communication to different aspects of brain function, tries to explore how the brain understands and produces language and communication.
Also considers the development of language and speech and prerequisites for language and speech in the evolution of species, comparing the structures and function of the human brain to those of different species' ways of living.
It has a very close relationship to psycholinguistics, but focuses more on studies of the brain.
Studies of language and communication after brain damage are perhaps the most common type of neurologinguistic studies.
Pyscholinguistics -often in combination with information about brain activity in different areas of the brain- provides the basis for neurolinguistic modeling of processes for language comprehension, linguistic memory, language production, language acquisition and language loss.
Interdisciplinary character, it is described as "heterogeneous both in theoretical perspective and in topical coverage" (Studies in Neurolinguistics, 1970s)
It attempts to synthesize many different kinds of data: theories, paradigms, models and frameworks from different disciplines; diversity necessarily increases with further specialization
It includes the fields of linguistics, neuroanatomy, neurology, neurophysiology, philosophy, psychology, psychiatry, speech pathology and computer science.
Other disciplines are also highly relevant, having contributed to theories, methods and findings in neurolinguistics. They include neurobiology, anthropology, chemistry, cognitive science and artificial intelligence.
Its research is often based on data from atypical or impaired language, and uses such data to understand properties of human language in general.
It includes attempting to combine neurological/neurophysiological theory (how the brain is structured and how it functions) with linguistic theory (how language is structured and how it functions)
"Neurolinguistics" became the established term for the field in the 1960s, under the influence of the Choskyan boost to linguistics and the develoment of psycholinguistics as a defined field.
It has an interest not only in acquired language disorders, but also language development of children with developmental language disorders (such as SLI specific language disorder and developmental reading and writing problems) and nonspecific developmental disorders affecting language.