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Unit 4: Eukaryotic Pathogens - Coggle Diagram
Unit 4: Eukaryotic Pathogens
Fungi
Structure
cell wall made of chitin
fungal membranes composed of ergosterol
Problematic for people who are immunocompromised
Morphogenesis
single-celled yeast
muti-celled filaments
spores
hyphae or pseudohyphae
Disease
allergic or asthmatic reaction
mycosis
fungus grows in human body
produce toxin that cause illness after ingestion
Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis
neoformans
opportunistic pathogen
infect immunocompromised individuals
gattii
primary pathogen
distribution in soil and vegetation
entry via inhalation of spores
Cadida albicans
part of microbiota
invade deep layers of skin and subcutaneous tissues
switch between yeast and filamentous forms
Histoplasmosis
found in soil
similar symptoms to tuberculosis
patient has underlying immunodeficiency
grows inside microphages
it forms granulomas
Pneumocystis Pneumonia
infected at an early age
inhaled as spores and grown in aveoli
Protozoa
Single-celled eukaryotes that live in soil and water
no cell wall
usually motile and acquire nutrients by ingesting organic compounds or other microbes
exist in multiple forms
oocysts
resistant to disinfectants and stress
evolutionary diverse
appear long evolutionary continuum
shape interactions with bacterial pathogens
"training grounds"
increase likelihood of human exposure
Disease
Acanthamoeba keratitis
associated with contact lens wear
from free amoeba that lives in water and soil
Naegleria Fowleri
ameobae cross the nasal mucosa and enter the brain
Cryptosporidiosis
resistant to chlorine and other disinfectants
infects intestinal epithelium and causes severe diarrhea
Helminths
multicellular, parasitic worms
Hosts
definitive
sexual reproduction occurs
intermediate
asexual expansion
infections
ingestion
enter from soil through skin
insect bites
Ascaris
round worm
rob human body of nutrients
cause choking and pulmonary symptoms
Tapeworms
ingestion of raw or undercooked meat
no digestive system
absorb predigested nutrients
Flukes
flatworms with suckers
spreads through intermediate snail host
humans are definitive hosts
Prions
can infect both animals and humans
properties
extremely rare in humans
long incubation periods
notoriously hard to inactivate/destroy
PrP
protein that is expressed in central nervous system
PrPc structure
alpha helices
has glycophosphatidlyinositol anchor
outer leaflet
n terminal domain is disordered
PrPsc
different structural and physical properties
can kill brain cells
misfolded structure composed of beta sheets
infections
prions are neuro-invasive
species barrier
due to PrPc and PrPsc interaction during replication
Strains
variability in strains
differentiated by incubation period, neuropathological profile, and western blobbing
RT-QulC
detect amounts of prions in biological sample