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Malaria - Coggle Diagram
Malaria
Symptoms
Fever
Jaundice
Gastrointestinal distress
Neurologic complaints
Chills
Endemic
Sub-Saharan Africa
South & South-East Asia
Pacific Islands
Central & Northern South America
Transmission
Vector-borne
Mosquitoes are infected by humans who have malaria
Female anopheline mosquitos
Carries and injects parasite in human during feeding
Travels to liver & develops for days to weeks
re-enters blood system & invades red blood cells
Direct (Rare)
Blood Transfusion with an infected individual
Needle-sharing with an infected individual
Organ transplant with an infected individual
Congenitally
Mother to Foetus
Prevention
Control Measures
Government-related changes
Environmental changes
Vector management
Changing Human Habits
Avoid sleeping outside/incorporating nets
Maintaining sanitary conditions
Covering skin (wearing full sleeves)
Using mosquito repllent
Surveilance
Cause of Disease
Environment
Poor sanitation of environment/human dwellings
Housing/residing near vector nests
Tropical countries
Season
Humidity
Rain
Types of Plasmodium
Malarie
Rare
Falciparum
Most severe; accounting for 90% mortality
Parasite appears 10 days after infection
Vivax
Seasonal transmission, faster effects on humans
Ovale
Knowlesi
Vector-Borne Disease
Diagnosis
Drug Resistance Tests
Identifies malaria antigens or enzymes
Serology
Microscopic
Thin & thick films to detect blood cells
Clincial
Detecting Antigen
Prognosis
Response-rate
Treatment
Anti-malarial medications for uncomplicated malaria
Artemether-lumefantrine
atovaquone-proguanil
quinine
chloroquine
For Vivax & Ovale & Malarie & Knowlesi
Chloroquine
Inequalities and Inequities
Structural factors
Cleanliness
Environmental Health
Neighbourhood
Poverty
Lack in power to make an impact
Intermediary Determinants of Health
Geography as a target
Failure to Screen
Failure to attend Global South needs
Host
Humans
No border to age & sex & race
Low socioeconomic status
Risk increases for pregnant woman