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INTRODUCTION - Coggle Diagram
INTRODUCTION
Some words
First word
= Aa = Hey. Spoken by an australopithecine, over a million years ago in Ethiopia.
gossip
= Old English godsibb = a child's godparent at baptism. In time, a good friend, usually a woman. By the 1500s iddles chatter and rumor.
Coronavirus
= originally in 1968 in English. In 1980 in Spanish.
Language is the oldest communication instrument. And modern language has ancient roots. Words have evolved in time, just like humans.
Lexicology is a scientific discipline that studies all words in a language. It's the science of the lexicon of a language
.
It is concerned with historical development , social stratification, and the quantitative composition of words.
It becomes the mother science of all words in all its aspects, and it's related to all other branches of linguistics from different angles. .
For ex. Phonetics: the study of the outer sound form of the word.
Grammar deals with the various means of expressing the grammatical relationship between words and the patterns by which words are combined into groups of words and sentences.
It's concentrated on studying the nature of the word, its morphemes, pronunciation, rhythm, meaning, definiton, stress patterns, spelling word groups, and the whole lexicon.
It considers the word as the basic unit of the linguistic system, the largest on the morphological level, and the smallest on the syntactic level of linguistic analysis.
Its basic tas is the study and systematic description of vocabulary concerning its origin, development, and current use.
Lexicology is classified into several branches
General lexicology
: the study of vocabulary and its basic elements in any language.
Special lexicology
: the description of the characteristics of the vocabulary of a specific language (Russian, Italian, etc) FOCUS
Contrastive lexicolog
y: theoretical basis where the vocabularies of different languages can be compared and described.
Historical lexicolog
y: the evolution of any vocabulary, the origin of words, their change and development. FOCUS
Descriptive lexicology
deals with the vocabulary of a language at a precise stage of its evolution. It examines the functions of words and their specific structure as an inherent characteristic of the system.
It is based on two main approaches
Diachronic lexicology
investigates the origin and evolution of vocabulary and how its structure, meaning, and use have changed over time. for ex, English and all its changes over time, including the lingusitic and extralingistic factors.
Synchronic lexiology:
the study of a language's vocabulary within a specific time frame. It studies terms as they are at that time.
Etymology
investigates the origins of words and how they change in form and meaning over time
Lexical subfields
Lexical competence
: a speaker has the abiltiy to recognize, understand, and produce the words of a language
Lexical semantics:
examines the denotation and meaning of words
It introduces
lexical cohesion
: Halliday and Hassan
They introduce
Reiteration
with 3 parts:
synonyms, hyponyms, general words
Collocations
Word attack skills
deals with active vocabualry acquisition. Imagination is crucial.
Dictionary as informant:
Its effective use is essenial for vocab development. By
lexical item
we mean a word or a group of words with meaning.