Present (Hiện tại)

Present simple (Hiện tại đơn)
We use the present simple to talk about things in general. We use it to say that something happens all the time or repeatedly/ or that something is true in general.
Summary:

  • Những điều chung chung
  • Những điều lặp đi lặp lại
  • Sự thật hiển nhiên

Chia động từ

Ngôi thứ nhất

I + am

We + are

Ngôi thứ hai

You + are

Ngôi thứ ba

He/ She/ It + is

They + are

A. Khái niệm

TOBE:
"+" S + am/ is/are + predicate (thuộc tính): N/ Adj …: My father is a doctor ^ Mary and her sister are from America.
"-" S + am/ is/are + not + predicate …: I am not a liar ^ You aren’t from Japan.
? Am/ Is/ Are + S + predicate …: Is he handsome? ^ Yes, he is/ No, he isn’t.
? WH-word + am/ is/ are + S +…: What is it?

VERBS:
"+" S + verb (s/es) + object (sự vật) …: He goes to school.
"-" S + don’t/ doesn’t + object …: I don’t eat bananas.
? Do/ Does + S + verb + object …: Do you like milk? ^ Yes, I do/ No, I don’t.
? WH-word + do/ does + S + V (nguyên mẫu) +…: What do you like doing in your free time?

We use the verb be to talk about:

Who we are: I‘m Steven, and this is Isabella. And this is my daughter, Alicia.

Age: I‘m 24 years old, and my father is 50.

Job: I‘m a teacher, and my wife is a doctor.

Nationality: Alex is from Ireland, and Sonia is from Spain.

Feelings: I‘m scared. She is very tired.

Colour: Our dog is black. His eyes are blue.

Prices: It‘s seven pounds. This T-shirt is twenty dollars.

The weather: It‘s sunny today. It is very cold this morning.

The time: What time is it? It‘s ten past four.

Descriptions in general: He is very short and thin. The cars are old and cheap.

Quy tắc:

s/ es:

Verbs ending in: consonant + y -> ies

Others + s

Verbs ending in: s, z, sh, ch, x, o + es

5W 1H:

  • When: hỏi thông tin về thời gian: When were you born?
  • Where: hỏi thông tin về nơi chốn: Where do you live?
  • Who: hỏi thông tin về người: Who opened the door?
  • Why: hỏi lý do: Why do you say that?
  • What: hỏi về vật/ ý kiến/ hành động: What is your name?
  • How: hỏi cách thức/ phương thức: How does this work?

B. Cách dùng:

  1. Thói quen, hành động, sự việc diễn ra thường xuyên, lặp đi lặp lại: I watch TV everyday ^ My teacher usually gives us homework.
  1. Sự việc xảy ra theo lịch trình, thời gian biểu rõ ràng: The plane takes off at 6 a.m today ^ The train leaves at 10 p.m tomorrow.
  1. Sự thật hiển nhiên, chân lý: The Earth goes around the Sun.
  1. Diễn tả suy nghĩ, cảm xúc, cảm giác: I think your friend is a bad person ^ She feels very excited
  1. Dùng kèm trạng từ chỉ tần suất: always (100%), usually (80%), often (60%), sometimes (50%), occasionally (30%), seldom (20%), rarely (10%), never (0%): We sometimes go to the beach ^ He goes to the cinema three times a month ^ I go swimming once a week.