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Cognitive Approach - Coggle Diagram
Cognitive Approach
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Basic assumptions
Internal mental processes such as memory perception and thinking can be studied by making inferences about the mind based on other people's behaviour.
Cognitive psychologists look at internal mental processes to understand behaviour so to explain behaviour we must refer to thought processes.
Thought processes can and should be studied scientifically. Well controlled laboratory experiments can investigate what we are thinking.
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2) The role of schema
Schema's are mental frameworks of expectations and beliefs that have developed through experience and will influence cognitive processing. A 'package' of beliefs and expectations on a topic that come from prior experience.
Useful because: People are able to predict what will happen in our world based on our experiences and this means we respond appropriately to novel information in the environment.
Enable people process lots of information very rapidly so are often seen as mental short-cuts.
Not useful because: Can lead to negative interpretations of themselves or others. E.g. prejudices.
Schemas can also lead to perceptual errors. E.g. misheard song lyrics.
Can have implications for EWT and accurate recall.
1) Study of internal mental processes.
2) Role of schema.
3) Use of theoretical and computer models.
4) Emergence of cognitive neuroscience.