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Glucose Homeostasis - Coggle Diagram
Glucose Homeostasis
Insulin Resistance
Clinical
Metabolic syndrome, associated with obesity, and impaired insulin resistance leading to type 2 DM, atherogenic lipid profile, hypertension
Molecular
Insulin receptor is present but isnulin stimualted signal transduciton is decreased due to decreased activation or IR tyrosine kinase and decreased IRC tyrosine phophyraltion
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Lipid Metabolism
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Lipolysis: Breakdown of adipocyte TG via adipocyte via adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) follow by release of free fatty acids (FFA)
States of the Body
Fed State
Increased glycogen synthesis, decreased breakdown of glycogen, and decrease production of glucose
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Hormones and Response
Insulin
Increase
Leads to increase glycogenesis, lipogenesis, increase triglycerides synthesis and decrease breakdown of fats
Decrease
Leads to increase lipolysis, increased glycogenolysis, and increased ketogenesis
Glucagon
Increase
Leads to increased glyogenolysis, gluconeogeneiss, and ketogenesis
Insulin Secretion
Incraesed glucose and glucagon-liek peptide release from distal ileum while eating leads to increased secretion of insulin
Mutations
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Neonatal Diabetes: Mutations that lead to insulin secretions (E.g Kir6.2 is activated and does not close)
Exercise
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Aerobic exercise: Muslce capillaries, Increased GLUT4 Responsiveness, Mitochondrial energetics, and decrease pro-ifnalmmatory adipokines with wieght loss
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Glucagon
Synthesized in alpha cells, and is triggered by hypoglycaemia to release glucose from glycogen in the liver