1933-39
Impact of education on the youth
Education policy
School
Children had to attend school till they were 14
Boys and girls in seperate schools
All schools followed a set curriculum
Teachers
Had to be Nazi members
Were taught how to use Nazi ideas in their teaching
Subjects
15% of time was spent on PE
Girls taught domestic skilles
Everyone taught traditional subjects like maths and German
Propoganda
All lessons began and ended with Hitler salute
Nazi flags decked classrooms
Racial ideas like anti-semitism were taught
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Race studies were taught
Success?
Many young people joined Nazi Groups
Fitness improved
anti-semitism was accepted
Some young people opposed
Generally young Germasn were more loyal
Churches and Religion
Threat
Church taught God as the ultimate authority while Nazis thought Hitler
Everyone was equal, no superioirtiy
Strived for peace
Catholic
Loyal to pope
In July 1933, Hitler reached a concordat (agreement) with the Pope, catholics were free to worship however bishops had to swear allegiance to Nazis
Hitler banned Catholic youth organisations
Leave eachother alone
in 1937, Pope spoke out against Hitler
Protestants
Initialy supported Nazis
Some churhced formed the Reich church
Led by Ledwig Muller
dissmied non Aryan members and displayed Nazi symbols
Nazi control
6000 protestant churched, 2000 in Reich church
Many opponents were religious
most people did little to opposed Nazis
Aryan ideas
Perfect Aryan
Tall
Blond hair, blue eyed
Athletic and strong
Anit semitism
Assocaited with communism
Often successful and people were jealous
blamed for Germany's defeat in WW1
Undesirables
Disabled people
Gays
Homeless
Socialists
Hierachy
Aryans on top
Jews at bottom
Untermenschen, 'sub human'
Persecution
Coloured people in middle
Untermenschen
Aryans banned from having relations with non-Aryans
Mixed race children ere sterilised
Worst policies were reserved for Jews
Nuremberg Laws
1935
Only those of German blood can be citizens
Jews cannot vote
Non aryans are subjects not citizens
Other undesirables
Gay men sent to prison or concentration camps and subjected to medical experiments
Tramps and beggars were out in concentration camps
From 1939-45 several disabled babies were killed
From 1940-41 thousands of mentally ill were killed by gas in T4 programme
Jewish persecution
1933 - SA organised a one-day boycoot of Jewish shops
1934 - banned from some public places
1936 - Couldn't work as vets, accountants or teaches
1937 - Jewish business overtaken by Aryans
1938 - Jews had to register their property
Kristallnacht
Night of Broken glass, 1938
Goebells used a shooting of German by a Jew to stir up resentment against Jews
Goebbels and Hitler decided to increase the violence to a nationwide attack
9-10 november, groups pf gans ran amok against Jewish communities, destroying and burning home, shops and businesses
Opposition, 1933-39
Swing Youth
Largely made up of children from wealthy families and could afford records and record players to play American music
Organised illegal dances attended by thousands
Influenced by American culture
Edelweiss Pirates
Nazis weren't threatended by their activities
Went on hikes and camping trips in the countryside to get away from Nazi restrictions
Had 2000 members by 1939
Formed in the late 1930s. as a consequence of Nazi policies enforcing Hitle Youth membership
How were opponents dealt with?
Sent to concentration camps for 're-education'
Arested and threatened into silence
Opposition and resistance
There was genuine support for Hitler and his policies
Opposition groups were banned to it was difficult to join with others who opposed the regime
People were too afraid of the SS
Very little opposition