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CHAPTER 4 - CHEMICAL BONDING - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 4 - CHEMICAL BONDING
CONCEPTS OF CHEMICAL BONDING
THREE PRINCIPLE CLASSES OF BONDING
IONIC BONDING
COVALENT BONDING
METALLIC BONDING
THE OCTET RULE - ATOMS WOULD LOSE/GAIN ELECTRONS IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE 8 ELECTRONS AT THE OUTER MOST SHELL
LEWIS STRUCTURE - USES DOT AROUND THE SYMBOL TO REPRESENT VALENCE ELECTRONS
INTRAMOLECULAR BONDING
IONIC BONDS
HIGH MELTING/BOILING POINT
CONDUCT ELECTRICITY IN MOLTEN OR AQEOUS SOLUTION DO NOT CONDUCT ELECTRICITY IN ANY FORM
SPARINGLY SOLUBLE IN MOST ORGANIC SOLVENT
WELL SOLUBLE IN WATER
BASIC UNIT CONSISTS OF IONS
COVALENT BONDS
HIGH MELTING/BOILING POINT LOW MELTING/BOILING POINT
DO NOT CONDUCT ELECTRICITY IN ANY FORM
SPARINGLY SOLUBLE IN MOST ORGANIC SOLVENT DISSOLVE WELL IN MOST ORGANIC SOLVENT
SPARINGLY SOLUBLE IN WATER
BASIC UNIT CONSISTS OF MOLECULES OR ATOMS
COVALENT BONDS
SINGLE BOND (SHARING ONE PAIR OF ELECTRONS)
DOUBLE BOND (SHARING TWO PAIRS OF ELECTRONS)
TRIPLE BOND (SHARING THREE PAIRS OF ELECTRONS)
BONDING AND LONE PAIR
ELECTRONS SHARED BY ATOMS ARE BONDING PAIRS
ELECTRONS NOT SHARED BY ATOMS BUT BELONG TO AN ATOM ARE LONE PAIR
DATIVE BONDS - IS A TYPE OF COVALENT BOND IN WHICH BOTH SHARING ELECTRONS ORIGINATE FROM ONE OF THE JOINED ATOMS
POLAR COVALENT BONDS - WHEN ONE OF THE ELEMENTS ATTRACTS THE SHARED ELECTRONS MORE STRONGLY THAN THE SECOND ELEMENT
INTERMOLECULAR BONDING
VAN DER WAALS FORCES - WEAK FORCE OF ATTRACTION BETWEEN NEUTRAL MOLECULES OF PARTICLES
DIPOLE-DIPOLE FORCES - PERMENANT ATTRACTIVE FORCES BETWEEN POLAR MOLECULE ALIGN
DIPOLE-INDEUCED DIPOLE FORCE - A TEMPORARY DIPOLE MOMENT MAY BE INDUCED DUE TO THE FLUCTUATION OF ELECTRON DISTRIBUTION WITHIN A MOLECULE
HYDROGEN BONDS - A PERMANENT ATTRACTION WHICH OCCUR BETWEEN MOLECULES THAT CONTAIN HYDROGEN ATOM COVALENTLY BONDED TO SMALL HIGH ELECTRONEGATIVE ATOMS SUCH AS N, O AND F
PARAMETER RELATED TO CHEMICAL BONDING
BOND ENERGY - BOND ENERGY A MEASSURE OF BOND STRENGTH BETWEEN TWO BONDED ATOMS
BOND LENGTH - DISTANT BETWEEN TWO NUCLEI OF BONDED ATOMS IN A MOLECULE
BOND ANGLE - THE INTERNAL ANGLE OF INTERSECTION BETWEEN TWO LINES DRAWN THROUGH THE NUCLEUS OF A CENTRAL ATOM FROM THE NUCLEI OF TWO ATOMS BONDED TO IT
RESONANCE STRUCTURES
WE CAN OFTEN DRAW MORE THAN ONE VALID LEWIS STRUCTURE FOR A MOLECULE OR ION
NO ONE LEWIS STRCUTURE CAN ACCURATELY DESCRIBES THE ACTUAL STRUCTURE OF THE MOLECULE
THE ACTUAL MOLECULE WILL HAVE SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF ALL THE VALID LEWIS STRUCTURES WE CAN DRAW
REAL MOLECULE IS A HYBRID OF ALL POSSIBLE LEWIS STRUCTURES
METALLIC BONDS (INTERMOLECULAR)
THE ELECTRON SEA MODEL
ELECTRONS DETACHED FROM PARENT ATOM AND REFFERED AS ELECTRON SEA AN EXPANSION OF MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY APPLIED TO A LARGE NUMBER OF ATOMS
ATOMS HELD TOGETHER BY STRONG FORCES TO ATTRACTION BETWEEN POSITIVE NUCLEI AND THE DELOCALISED ELECTRONS IN BASIC MO THEORY, ATOMIC ORBITALS ON TWO ATOMS WOULD COMBINE TO FORM BONDING AND ANTIBONDING ORBITALS
THE BAND THEORY
AN EXPANSION OF MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY APPLIED TO A LARGE NUMBER OF ATOMS
IN BASIC MO THEORY, ATOMIC ORBITALS ON TWO ATOMS WOULD COMBINE TO FORM BONDING AND ANTIBONDING ORBITALS