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3.3 - Respiration - Coggle Diagram
3.3 - Respiration
Aerobic
- Release of large amounts of energy as ATP from the breakdown of molecules where oxygen acts as the terminal electron acceptor.
Occurs in 4 stages:
- Glycolysis - Cytoplasm
- Link Reaction - Mitochondrial matrix
- Kreb Cycle - Mitochondrial matrix
The Electron Transfer Chain
Overall Equation:
- Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide + water + energy
Glycolysis
- Glucose is phosphorylated using 2ATP into hexose phosphate.
- The hexose phosphate spilts into 2 triose phosphate molecules
- Oxidation of these 2 triose phosphate molecules create 2 ATP each by substrate level phosphorylation
- Overall glycolysis has a net gain of 2 ATP. Dehydrogenation releases 2 hydrogen that are picked up by NAD. Oxidation of triose phosphate to pyruvate
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Link Reaction
- Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate caused by decarboxylase releases carbon dioxide.
- Dehydrogenation caused by dehydrogenase releases pairs of hydrogen atoms converting NAD to reduced NAD.
- The addition of coenzyme A forms acetyle CoA (2C) which enters the krebs Cycle.
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Kreb Cycle
- The acetate forms acetyle CoA. Combines with a 4C compound to form a 6C compound
- Decarboxylation forms a 4C compound and dehydrogenation to reduce NAD. There is also substrate level phosphorylation giving 1 ATP
- Dehydrogenation forming reduced FAD and NAD.
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Anaerobic
- Release of relatively little energy as ATP from the breakdown of molecules in the absence of oxygen by substrate level phosphorylation
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- Catabolic, enzyme controlled reaction occurs inside cells to provide energy.
- Respiratory substances, such as glucose or fatty acids, are broken down to release energy.
- Hight energy bonds are broken and lower-energy bonds are formed.
- Excess energy released is used to phorphorylate ADP to from ATP or is released as eat energy.
Cyanide
- Cyanide is a non-competitve respiratory inhibitior of the final electron carrier (oxygen)
- Cyanide prevents electrons and protons passing to oxygen to form water.
- this would prevent the proton gradient forming between the inter-membrance space and matrix.
- Therefore, chemiosmosis would stop
