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MUTATION, A CHANGE IN THE NUCLEOTIDE PAIR OR BASE SEQUENCE OF DNA, CHANGES…

- - - - SICKLE CELL ANAEMIA
      - NONSENSE
      - SILENT
        
        CODON IS CHANGED AND CODE FOR THE SAME AMINO ACID
        
        NO EFFECT ON THE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE
      - MISSENSE
        
        CODON IS CHANGE AND CODE FOR DIFFERENT AMINO ACID
        
        MAY HAVE LITTLE EFFECT ON THE PROTEIN OR CAUSE MAJOR CHANGE IN PROTEIN
    - - FRAMESHIFT MUTATION
        
        FRAMESHIFT MUTATION ALTER THE READING OR TRIPLET GROUPING OF NUCLEOTIDES.
        
        ALL THE NUCLEOTIDES AFTER THE INSERTION POINT WILL BE IMPROPERLY GROUPED INTO CODON
      - CHANGE ALL AMINO ACID SEQUENCE STARTING FROM THE POINT OF INSERTION AND IT WILL PRODUCE DIFFERENT POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN
    - - THALASSAEMIA
      - CHANGE ALL AMINO ACID SEQUENCE STARTING FROM THE POINT OF DELETION AND IT HAS SERIOUS EFFECTS BECAUSE IT CAUSES ALL AMINO ACID BEYOND THE DELETION POINT TO BE CHANGED OR CAUSES PREMATURE TERMINATION IN TRANSLATION IF CODON CHANGE TO STOP CODON