Alayna Dixon Period 3 Anatomy and Physiology:
Integumentary System
Major Functions of Skin
Layers of Skin
Accessory Organs
Skin Cancer + ABCDE Rule
Degrees of Burns and Rules of Nines
Diseases associated with Integumentary system
Epidermis: The Epidermis is the outermost layer of skin with 4 sublayers (5 on thick skin). Cant Let Grandma Spoil Breakfast will help with memorazation of the layers of the Epidermis. Starting from deepest to highest, it goes, stratnum basale, stratnum spinosum, stratnum granulosum, stratnum lucidum, stratnum corneum. The stratnum corneum layer is full of dead stratified squamous epithelial cells
Dermis: The dermis is the deepest layer of skin. Blood and nerves can be found here. The Dermis is much thicker than the epidermis and it binds the two together. The dermis has two sub layers, the papillary layer which is the most superficial one and the reticular layer
Hypodermis: The absolute lowest layer of skin mostly containin adipose tissue (fat cells).
The ultimate function of skin is protection. Keeping internal things in and external things out . Protects underlying tissues. houses sensory receptors. conducts part of process for making vitamin D. Body temperature regulation and healing of wounds
The ABCDE rule is the best for determining skin cancer. A) Asymetry B) Border C) Color(s) D) Diameter (more than 6 mm) E) Evolution (showing a constant growth over months or weeks)
Skin cancer can be contracted through too much ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Although there is good and bad with it the ultimate UV radiations which cause cancer are UV-A and UV-B
Hair: Hair is found in nearly all regions of skin. Hair is dead keratinized epithelial cells. hair follicles dip down into the dermis and as new hair is being made the old one is being pushed to the top.
Acne: Description- clogged pores by dirt or over production of skin oils. causes or risk factors- blocked pores, hormonal changes, greasy products symptoms- blackheads, whiteheads, cysts. Treatment options- regular cleaning, avoid greasy topical and over the counter medication
Psoriasis: Description- skin inflammation caused by auto immune disease. causes or risk factors- 15-35 most common, hereditary auto immune triggered infection, dry skin. symptoms- red flaky skin, patches itchy skin scaly skin. treatment options ointments moiturizer, over counter medication
Staph Infection:description: bacterial infection staphylococcus. causes or risk factors- staphylococcus contact sports chronic illness. symptoms- skin injury, boils, impetigo. treatment options- antibiotics wound drainage surgical removal
Chickenpox: description- viral infection that causes blistering. causes or risk factors- varkella zoster virus, airborne contagion, contact with blister fluid.symptoms- rash, blisters, fever. treatment options- moisturizers, hydrocortizone creams, anti viral medication.
Fungal Infections:description- collection of disease caused by fungi. causes or risk factors- fungus exposure, athletes foot tirobrum, jock itch ticruris. symptoms- itchy rash, discoloration, blisters. treatment options- anti fungal medication creams and ointments clean skin
2nd degree: Also known as a partial thickness burn, 2nd degree burns have 5 days - 3 weeks healing time and there is damage to the entire epidermis and parts of the dermis however accessory organs are safe, unlike the 3rd degree burn
3rd degree- Also known as a full thickness burn absolutely destroys epidermis, dermis and accessory organs. Burning all nerves making the points after 3rd degree burns painless, this burn looks leathery and white
1st degree: first degree burn also known as superficial thickness burn heals in a few days to 2 weeks and can also be categorized as a sun burn.
melanin: Melanin provides a brown pigment to your skin and hair. Melanin is produced in melanocytes which can be found in the stratnum basale part of the epidermis
Cysnosis: Cyanosis is blue ish pigment that comes from poorly oxygenated skin
carotene: Carotene is a yellow pigment that you get from eating orange foods. and if you eat too much orange food you could get jaundice which is a liver disease and could be life threatning
Glands
Sebaceous: Associated with hair follicles and secrete an oily substance called sebum
Eccrine: Glands that respond to body temperature more abundant in the forhead neck and back secreting sweat
Apocrine: Becomes active during puberty, responds to fear emotional upset pain and sexual arousal.
Nails: nails are protective coverings over the ends of fingers and toes.
Sudiforous:Secretes sweat via exocytes
healing deep wounds: Your blood will clot to stop more blood from coming out and from things from outside from getting in. Since the would is covered it makes alot of blood come to the area to help with the repairing process, sending many cells. The scar has alot of collagen fiber production
healing wounds: Inflammation- redness, heat, sweling and pain. This is the process which helps with the healing of a sort of scrape