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TREATMENTS GLAUCOMA - Coggle Diagram
TREATMENTS GLAUCOMA
PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOG
INDICATION :
Open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension.
MECHANISM OF ACTION :
It reduces the intraocular pressure (IOP) by increasing the outflow of intraocular fluid (aqueous humor) from the eye.
DRUG EXAMPLE :
Latanoprost Ophthalmic Solution 0.005%
(Xalatan)
Bimatoprost Ophthalmic Solution 0.03%
(Lumigan)
Travoprost Ophthalmic Solution 0.004%
(Travatan Z)
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SIDE EFFECT :
Conjunctival hyperemia
Eyelash growth
Iris pigmentation changes Periocular skin darkening.
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ALPHA ADRENERGIC AGONIST
MECHANISM OF ACTION :
Decreasing production of fluid (reduce aqueous humor formation) and increase drainage.
DRUG EXAMPLE :
Brimonidine Ophthalmic Solution 0.1%, 0.15%
(Alphagan P)
Apraclonidine Ophthalmic Solution 0.5%, 1%
(Iopidine)
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CONTAINDICATION :
Severe cardiovascular disease, depression, hypersensitivity to the drug.
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CHOLINERGIC AGONIST
MECHANISM OF ACTION :
Acts through direct stimulation of muscarinic receptors and smooth muscle including the iris and secretory glands.
- Produce miosis and contracts the ciliary muscle
- Causing increased tension on scleral spur and opening of trabecular meshwork spaces to facilitate outflow of aqueous humor
- Outflow resistance is reduced, lowering intraocular pressure (IOP)
DRUG EXAMPLE:
Pilocarpine Ophthalmic Solution 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%
Pilocarpine Ophthalmic Gel 4%
Carbachol Ophthalmic Solution 4%
INDICATION : Open-angle glaucoma, angle-closure glaucoma.
CONTRAINDICATION:
Acute iritis, retinal detachment, asthma, hypersensitivity to the drug.
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