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Culture by Raymond Williams, Eva María González Pavón - Coggle Diagram
Culture by Raymond Williams
One of the two or three most complicated words in English
Intricate historical development in several European languages
Now it's used for important concepts
in several distinct intellectual disciplines
in several distinct and incompatible systems of thought
Noun of process
the tending of "something", basically crops or animals.
Two crucial changes
a degree of habituation to the metaphor
an extension of particular processes to a general process
as an independent noun
an abstract process or the product such of a process
cultivation
cultivated
Development in other languages
In French
Culture was always accompanied by a grammatical form indicating the matter being cultivated.
In German
Cultur (borrowed from French)
Kultur
synonym for civilization
in the abstract sense of a general process of becoming "civilized" or "cultivated"
in the sense which had already been established for civilization by the historians of the Enlightenment
In Herder
Ideas on the Philosophy of the History of Mankind
Cultur: 'nothing is more indeterminate than this word, and nothing more deceptive than its application to all nations and periods’
Speak about "cultures" in plural
the specific and variable cultures of different nations and periods
the specific and variable cultures of social and economic groups within a nation
Folk-culture
abstract rationalism
"inhumanity" of current industrial development
used to distinguish between "human and "material" development
Usages of the word
the independent noun, whether used generally or specifically, which indicates a particular way of life, whether of a people, a period, a group or a humanity in general, from Herder and Klemm.
the independent and abstract noun which describes the works and practices of intellectual and especially artistic activity.
Literature
Painting and sculpture
Music
Theatre and film
the independent and abstract noun which describes a general process of intellectual, spiritual and aesthetic development
Complex argument
relations between general human development and a particular way of life
between both and the works and practices of art and intelligence
material
in archaeology and in cultural anthropology the reference to culture is primarily material production.
symbolic
in history and cultural studies the reference is primarily to signifying or symbolic systems.
Areas of Hostility
Arnold's view
anti-German feeling during and after the 1914-18 War (related to propaganda about Kultur)
American phrase culture-vulture
Eva María González Pavón