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reported speech - Coggle Diagram
reported speech
Transformation Rules
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Tense Shift: Verb tenses may change from present to past, past to past perfect, etc.
Time and Place Expressions: Time and place references may need adjustment to match the context of the reporting.
key elements
Reporting Verb: A verb that introduces the reported speech (e.g., said, told, asked).
Reporting Clause: The part of the sentence that contains the reporting verb and provides context for the reported speech.
Reported Speech: The actual words spoken by someone else, which are reported by the speaker.
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R. Questions
Questions in reported speech often begin with introductory phrases like 'asked if,' 'wondered whether,' or 'wanted to know if.'
Examples
Direct Speech: She said, "I am going to the store."
Indirect Speech: She said that she was going to the store.
R.S in various tenses
Present simple in direct speech becomes past simple in indirect speech.
Present continuous in direct speech becomes past continuous in indirect speech, and so on.
Backshifting
A process where the tense of the reported speech is shifted one step back in time in indirect speech
purpose
Used to report conversations, statements, questions, or thoughts of others in a more indirect manner.
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Types
Direct Speech: Exact words of the speaker are enclosed in quotation marks.
Indirect Speech: The speaker's words are reported indirectly, without quotation marks.
reporting verbs
Verbs that are commonly used to introduce reported speech (e.g., said, told, mentioned, explained, asked).