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Atomic structure II - Coggle Diagram
Atomic structure II
Nucelar Fission
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If the neutrons are absorbed by another nucleus, it can cause more fisison
Chain reaction
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Each of these nuclei undergo fission, and prodce even more neutrons
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To occur, and unstable nucleus must absorb a neutron
Nuclear Fusion
Fusion in stars
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Mass of the product is slightly less than the reacts, the mass difference is released as thermal energy
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Two light nuclei collide at high speed and join to create a larger, heavier nucleus
Difficulties of fusion
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Under normal conditions, the positive charged on nuclei repel eachother, electrostatic repulsion
Only at very high temperatures and pressures are the nucleu moving fast enough for them to overcome this electrostatic repulsion
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Uses
Gamma rays
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Preserve food - food irradiated with gamma-rays will last longer as microbes are killed by higher energy gamma-rays
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Background radiation
The higher the radiation dose, the more likely to develop cancer
Sources
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Radiation from space, cosmic rays come mostly from the sun
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Radon gas, produced when uranium rock decays
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Risks
Effect on living cells
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Collisions cause ionisation, which damages or destroys cells
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Precautions
Limiting exposure time - keep the time a person needs to be in contact with the ionising radiation as low as possible
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Increasing the distance from the person to the radioactive source, the further a person is from ionising radiation, the less damage