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Geog chapter 8 + 9.3 - Coggle Diagram
Geog chapter 8 + 9.3
Factors affecting location of housing
Land-use planning
:
zoning (restricts type of activities & land-use permitted on specific sites)
planning control tool
Developers
tend to pick sites -> most commercially viable
built by government -> consider people's needs > profits
Land prices
:
provide affordable prices
reduce amount of informal housing
accommodate rural-urban migrants/local urban poor
Housing financial support
:
lower the cost of building houses
prevent housing shortage
financial schemes -> developers to sell houses at affordable prices
9.3
Sustainable management
of housing
Integrated land-use planning
different stakeholders
(e.g. industries, planning authorities, commercial businesses, property developers)
-> make decisions tgt -> how a city shd be developed & managed
sustainable fashion type
resolve needs of different groups
resolve competing demands
:<3: In SG, HDB utilised new town planning concept -> self-contained towns
e.g.
public housing, amenities, retail, industries, education, healthcare, recreation services
in an integrated manner
more sustainable & liveable
:red_flag: requires
coordination
of many stakeholders -> diff groups have many competing perspectives
Provision of inclusive public housing
range of housing for different groups -> meet varying needs
E.g. - smaller apartments -> small family
larger apartments -> extended family
Inclusiveness
-> cater to ppl of all ages & physical conditions
Ramps -> assist wheel-chair bound residents
Braille & tactile markings on lift control buttons -> for the visually-impaired
inclusive playground
:red_flag: costly + more time and effort
Environmental features
in building
solar panels -> offset electrical consumption of common lighting
water-efficient fittings -> minimise water consumption
green roofs & walls -> reduce surrounding temperatures
:red_flag: - expensive to install
perceived as inconvenient for some
education needed
e.g. educational campaigns, outreach programmes
Improvements to the conditions of slums
enhance living conditions of slums >> demolish slums & resettle their occupants
more motivated to invest in their homes
make improvements to community infrastructure
better access to clean water & sanitation
raise health levels
reduce threat of diseases
:red_flag:
disrupts
long-term development plans -> problems in future city developments
crime rates, unemployment, stigmatisation
remains
What is housing?
building that shelter people from weather elements
High-rise (>6 storeys) + high density
e.g. apartments and shared facilities
Low-rise + low density
e.g detached & semi-detached houses, terraces, shophouses
Types of housing
Formal
housing
Built by government/private developers
plots of land -> sold / leased to private businesses
Legal right
to occupy land (land rights)
:check: address ownership of land
:check: provides security & increases human capabilities
:red_cross: may feel less secure
Access to basic services
water
electricity
provision of sanitation services
High quality
building materials
withstand weather elements (rain)
protect occupants from basic threats (fires)
last for a long time
e.g. concrete, metal, hard wood
:<3: In SG, all housing must conform to the Building and Construction Authority's (BCA) specifications -> building quality +safety
Informal
housing
Self-built squatter settlements
constructed from scavenged materials
e.g. repurposed zinc sheets, recycled lumber
inferior building materials
at risk of collapsing + catching fire easily
Lack access
to basic services ->
resort to
illegally
tapping onto nearby electrical grids
siphoning
water from nearby pipes
dispose
sanitary waste on the ground
Risks
:
injury
ill-health -> electrocution, consumption of contaminated water, waterborne diseases
No
legal right to occupy land
housing may be cleared away
residents evicted
Where are different housing types found in cities?
Formal
housing:
desirable land
near greenery & amenities
away from pollution
supports quality infrastructure
Informal
housing:
locally unwanted land-use
e.g. near landfills
neglected + lack infrastructure development
only spaces left
found near industrial sites -> save on travelling time & cost by living near their workplaces