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DR T SMITH, HARMONY - Coggle Diagram
DR T SMITH
INSTRUMENTATION/ PERFORMING FORCES:
pizzicato (string)
'plucking' - plucks the string instead of bowing them - arco (string)
con arco - 'bowed' - bowing should now be used
con sordina - muted (string) makes the music quieter and is placed on a bridge
vibrato (string) in which the pitch of the note wavers rapidly
roll (percussion) - a rapid repeated note
fill (percussion)
a short burst of a more complicated drum rhythm
choke (percussion) - when the players hit the cymbal and then immediately grab it to stop the sound
bass (percussion)
hitting near the centre of the drum skin
tone (percussion) - hitting the drum at the edge of the skin
slap (percussion)
struck the instrument near the edge
strumming (guitar) - where you play all of the strings in one quick movement
pitch bend (guitar) - a short slide up/down to a main note
vibrato - vibration of sound
slide (guitar)
like 'glissando' on other instruments
tremolo - a rapid repeated note
lip trills - Using the lips to produce a trill effect on brass instruments rather than the
valves.
turn - A musical ornament consisting of the note above the written note, the written note, the note below and the written note again.
TONALITY:
Imperfect cadence (I-V) A type of cadence which makes the music sound incomplete.
Perfect cadence (V-I) A type of cadence which makes the music sound finished.
Cadence - Two chords used at the end of a passage of music.
Concord - A type of chord with notes that don't clash.
Discord - A type of chord with notes which clash.
Seventh - An extra note added to a chord to add colour.
Pedal - A single, low note which is repeated or held in the bass part.
Pentatonic - A type of scale with 5 notes.
Hexachords - Chords/music which is based on a 6 note scale.
Dissonant - Music which clashes and doesn't follow a key.
Atonal - Music that doesn't follow a key.
Chromatic - Using notes outside of the normal scale to add colour to the music.
Modal - a type of musical scale coupled with a set of characteristic melodic and harmonic behaviors. It is applied to major and minor keys as well as the seven diatonic modes (including the former as Ionian and Aeolian) which are defined by their starting note or tonic.
diatonic, keys, modes -Tonality which is based on a scale (major, minor or modal).
Diatonic - A type of old scale which are based on major and minor scales.
Minor - Sad sound tonality.
Major - Happy sounding tonality.
MELODY
ostinato
motif
conjunct
word painting
disjunct
riff
grace note
blue note
appogiatura: a grace note which delays the next note of the melody, taking half or more of its written time value.
RHYTHM METRE TEMPO: lombardic rhythm, crochet, 3x2, cross rhythm, syncopation, pulse.
tempo rubato polyrhythm bi-rhythm
dotted rhythms triplets syncopation
augmentation diminution hemiola cross-rhythm
regular irregular free
simple & compound time
pulse TRIPLETS, SYNCOPATION,
DYNAMICS: crescendo, diminuendo, pianissimo, piano, mezzo piano, mezzo forte, forte fortissimo.
STRUCTURE: Binary, ternary, rondo, sonata, minuet & trio, round, strophic, through composed, theme and variation, coda/outro, refrain/chorus, dal segno
HARMONY
Triad - A three note block chord
Primary chords: The triads on the first, fourth, fifth degrees of a scale: Tonic (I), Subdominant (IV) & Dominant (V). They are the most prominent and strongest chords in a piece.
Secondary chords: The other triads (2nd, 3rd, 6th & 7th degrees of a scale). They are not as harmonically strong as the Primary Chords.
Inversion - Type of chord where the root note is not in the bass
Diatonic - Notes that belong to the main key (scale) of the piece
Tonic - 1st note in a scale (example: in C major the tonic is the note C)
Subdominant - 4th note in a scale (example: in C major the subdominant is the note F)
Dominant - 5th note in a scale (example: in C major the dominant note is the note G)
Cadence - Pair of chords used to finish off a phrase (Perfect, Plagal, Interrupted and Imperfect)
Perfect cadence - Chords V and I played at the end of a phrase. Makes it sound finished
Imperfect Cadence - Almost any chord followed by V at the end of a phrase. It is like a musical comma
Plagal Cadence - Chords IV and I played at the end of a phrase. Often used to finish sacred music ('A-men') and folk music
Interrupted Cadence - Chords V and NOT I (often vi) played at the end of a phrase. Makes it sound like the ending has been interrupted
Chord progression/chord sequence - Series of chords played in an order. They establish the key (scale) of the piece
Harmonic rhythm - The rate at which the chords change (or progress) in a musical composition, in relation to the rate of notes. If the changes are rapid, there is rapid harmonic change. If the changes are slow, there is slow harmonic change
Drone - This is a simple harmonic device when one or more notes are repeated throughout an extended piece of music. Often used in Indian & folk Music
Pedal - A harmonic devise where the same note is sustained or repeated, above (or below) when the chords change
Dissonance - Chords with clashing notes (i.e. many extra chromatic notes; or a cluster chord) - it will sound odd! E.g.: Dissonance is used in Film Music to add tension
Power chords - In guitar music, especially electric guitar, a power chord is a chord that consists of the root note and the fifth (the third is not included, so the chord is neither major nor minor). Power chords are commonly played on amplified guitars