Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

history term 1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - protestant reformation in 16th centuruty gemany
      - led to more control of the chruch by state- esp in protestant countries
      - some caes: church retained power in 20th century+
    - - lutherans
      - 95 theses- castle church-Wittenburg 1517
      - against sale of indulgences and papal authority
    - - calvinism
      - predestination
      - scripture/bible is most improtant
      - believed clergy was solely responsible for preaching word of god
      - popular is Switzerland, Netherlands, scotlands, some france
      - sovereignty of god
      - calvinists
    - - due to pollical factors in egland
      - no ppal authority
      - greater diversity in clerical marriage
    - - john wesley
      - assurance of salavation
      - becoming mor Christlike through holy work
    - - 17th century
      - rejected infant baptism- believed t=it shld be a conscious choice
      - church is autonomous and self governing
  - - - textile factories, labor amongst lousd noises and airborne lint
    - - crowded housing, bad sanitation,
  - - - places like Africa, the Pacific,
        and even Asia.
      - india a man named William Carey
        
        1793
        
        "father of modern
        missions."
        
        Serampore Mission near kolkata
        
        introduce new educational methods and even translate the Bible into local
        languages.
    - - local customs and ideas were pushed aside or changed.
      - locals felt tradition being ignroed
      - didn't take time to understand inias diverse culture like sati
      - This led to some people in
        India wanting to both preserve and reform their traditions on their own terms.
    - - better education
      - social reforms.
      - disrupted local cultures.
      - advancement in tech
      - new ideas amongst rich culture
      - decline in local customs and idddeas
  - - - invisible hand of free market to guide economic activity
      - captitalism-private owners for profit
        
        laid groundwork forn industrial cpaitalsim- trade
      - textile industry- example-
        
        entrepreneurs investing in technologies like the
        
        spinning jenny and power loom to mass-produce cloth, driving down costs and
        
        increasing profits.
      - mechanisation
      - mass production
  - - - wealthy factory owners,
    - - proletariat
    - - fight for rights
        
        labor movement
        
        he Factory Act of 1833 britain
  - - - control of production or the abolition of class distinctions, were a
        reaction against industrial capitalism's perceived injustices.
  - - - strengthen church
      - sprea cathocialism
  - - - puritans
        
        cleanse from catholic nnfluence
      - purity in worship/doctrine
      - strict moral practice/community driven practices
      - influence in America-new englan
      - quakers
        
        religious society of freinds
        
        direct experience of god, no need for clergy/lliturgy
        
        pacifist beliefs lead to ods with coloianls powers
      - baptist
        
        congrtational autonomy
        
        adult baptism
      - methodists
        
        ethoical appreoach to piety an morality
      - IMPACT
        
        impact American life religion
  - - - The Great
      - Awakening was a religious revival in the 18th century that led to increased religious
      - enthusiasm, spread of new denominations,
      - greater emphasis on personal belief
        and experience in Christianity.
      - america
      - characterized by impassioned
        sermons and widespread revivals,
- - - - helpe workers, showing that church caredd abt ordinary ppl
  - - - championed reason over dogma and advocated for freedom of thought
      - and expression. His often-quoted line, "Ecrasez l'infâme"- resist churchs oppressive force
  - - - progress through a reliance on
        the sciences.
  - - - True Purpose of the Church: "Man's True religion begins, then, with the heart, and
        the heart is the ruling power of manhood." - Charles Spurgeon, 1873
      - Appeal by the Pope in Late 18th Century: "We urge you lovingly not to abandon it (Catholic faith). For it is the one true religion which both confers eternal life and makes safe and thriving civil societies. Carefully beware of lending your ears to the treacherous speech of the philosophy of this age, which leads to death. " - Pope Pius I, 1791
      - Writings in favour of the Church in Europe in the 19th Century: “The Christian religion is the most poetic and human, the most favourable to liberty, arts, and letters. The modern world owes it everything.” François-René de Chateaubriand, 1768-1848
    - - Futility of Religion: "God is a circle whose centre is everywhere and circumference
        nowhere." - Voltaire (Francois-Marie Arouet) (1694–1778)
      - Call for Focus on Sociology: "In the midst of a culture that is rationally organized for a vocational workaday life, there is hardly any room for the cultivation of acosmic brotherliness, unless it is among strata who are economically carefree. Under the technical and social conditions of rational culture, an imitation of the life of Buddha, Jesus, or Francis seems condemned to failure for purely external reasons." - Max Weber (1864–1920)
      - Premise of Secularism: “Had Deity desired that his personal existence should be daily recognised and eternally bruited abroad among men, he would have placarded the fact on the walls of nature in letters of light—so luminous, that time should never pale them; so indelibly, that the war of elements should never efface them; so plainly and conclusively, that no priest should ever be able to misconstrue them; and no wayfarer, in this hurrying world, ever be in doubt about them.” George Jacob Holyoake (1817 – 1906) in The Limits of Atheism
  - - - ended in 1648
      - end of the war,
        
        different countries signed an
        agreement called the Peace of Westphalia.
        
        rulers of each country could decide the religion of their own land.
        
        before this chruch ahd say in how coutries were run
      - Central Europe, n abt religion
  - - - 1781,wrote a book abt how ppl shld listen to themselves not the church
    - - wantedddd to remove remove churchs power completely during industrial revolution
    - - details above
    - - details above
- - - - 17th century early to 18th century early 17th late
      - Akbar, Jahangir, and Shah Jahan.
      - Taj Mahal, Jama
        Masjid, and the Red Fort
    - - after mughals
      - Shivaji Maharaj and subsequently consolidated by the Peshwas.
      - mid 18th means senith
    - - Wodeyars of Mysore,
      - Nayaks in Tamil Nadu,
      - resurgence of the Bengal Sultanate.
      - the Ahoms
        in Assam
      - Nizams
        in Hyderabad.
  - - - "Father of Indian
        Renaissance,"
      - challenged Sati
      - polygamy.
      - was moved by the sheer
        brutality & inhumanity of such practices.
      - drew inspiration
        from both the Upanishads and the Bible.
    - - he also pioneered the translations of
        Indian scriptures into multiple languages,
      - founded serampore college
      - but then recognized value of educatio
      - primary mission was evangelical,
    - - Vidyasagar's name, meaning 'Ocean of Knowledge,'
      - advocated for widow remarriage.
      - Deeply distressed by the plight of widows who were often children,
      - used ancient
        scriptures to support his arguments, which SHOWS THAT REFORMS were a part of Indian tradition
      - Widow Remarriage Act of 1856.
    - - recognized the perils of blind faith, ritualism, and superstitions
      - establish the Arya Samaj.
        
        "Back
        to the Vedas,"
      - encouraging a return to the purest forms of Vedic teachings,
        denouncing caste-based discrimination, and emphasizing gender equality.
      - opposed idol
        worship and animal sacrifices.
      - female education
    - - uplifment fo widows
      - Mukti Mission,
      - highlighted the
        plight of Indian women on global platforms,
    - - spotlighted injustices faced by lower caste
    - - bridge gulf bween muslims and briish
    - - wrote 'Stri Purush Tulana,' a
        fierce critique of the patriarchal norms of her times.
  - - - modernising religious practices and integrating them with
        contemporary thought.
        
        Brahmo Samaj
        
        Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828,
        
        ● Rejection of ritualistic practices and blind faith.
        
        ● Promotion of rationalism and critical analysis of religious texts.
        
        ● Opposition to caste discrimination and advocacy for equality.
        
        ● Promotion of female education and opposition to practices like Sati and
        
        polygamy.
        
        Young Bengal Movement:
        
        Henry Louis Vivian Derozio
        
        emphasised modern education,
        rationalism, and freedom of thought.
        
        challenging regressive customs,
        
        questioned orthodox
        beliefs,
        
        Prarthana Samaj:
        
        Bombay in the mid-19th century,
        
        influenced
        by the Brahmo Samaj's teachings.
        
        opposed
        child marriage and supported widow remarriage and women's education.
    - - bring back or emphasise ancient religious practices, scriptures, and traditions, often seeing them as pure
        
        Arya Samaj
        
        Swami Dayanand Saraswati in 1875,
        
        "Back to the Vedas,"
        
        Denouncement of idol worship, superstitions, and ritualistic ceremonies.
        
        ● Advocacy for social equality, rejecting caste-based discrimination.
        
        ● Promotion of female education and widow remarriage.
        
        ● Implementation of 'Shuddhi' (purification) ceremonies for converts to return
        
        to Hinduism.
        
        Theosophical Society
        
        1875 in New York by Helena Petrovna
        Blavatsky, Henry Steel Olcott, and William Quan Judge,
        
        shifted its headquarters to Adyar, India, in 1882.
        
        Advocacy for the study of comparative religions, philosophy, and science.
        
        ● Emphasis on the spiritual unity of all religions, emphasizing the shared truths
        
        among them.
        
        ● Promotion of ancient Indian thought, validating its relevance and depth.
        
        ● Active support for Indian nationalism and self-rule.
        
        Ramakrishna Mission:
        
        Swami Vivekananda in the name of his guru,
        Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa,
        
        holistic human development.
        
        universality of
        religions. Focused on spiritual teachings, service, and education,
        
        Ahmadiyya Movement:
        
        Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in Punjab in the
        late 19th century,
        
        the peaceful
        propagation of Islam and believed in the continuity of prophetic revelations.