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Dynamic development - Myanmar case study 1 - Coggle Diagram
Dynamic development - Myanmar case study 1
Location
Northern Hemisphere
South East Asia
Borders : China, India, Thailand and also borders the Andaman sea
1930Km border with the Bay of Bengal
Capital city: Naypyidaw
Key Indicators
Population of 57.97 million
Birth rate - 16.04 per 1000, women are uneducated, no family planning
Life expectancy - 70
School life expectancy - 11 years, low skilled workfoce
Economic growth rate = - 17%
Export = $20.4 billion, Import = $23.1 billion
0.74 doctors per 1000
56% without internet
Factors affecting development
Human
Military rule from 1962-2011, and from 2021 has led to corruption and poor human rights
Most industries are nationalised, profit doesnt go to the people
'Scorched earth policy' left the country in a terrible state
Physical
Average farm size is 2.7 hectares, UK is 50. Small farms mean less produce
Risk of drought, extreme temperature, flooding, rising sea levels and earthquakes
Average temperature of 37, harder to grow crops
Soils are clay rich, become waterlogged in wet conditions, stagnant water atrracts tropical diseases like malaria
Bottom-up development
Development strategies funded and carried out by NGOs in co-operation with local communities
Positives
Well suopported by locals
Doesn't require high cash flow
Can begin small and grow
Negatives
May lack systematic planning, not everyone benefits
Rely on aid which can easily be withdrawn
May not have political support
Tiger worm toilets
In Rakhine state, Oxfam constructed tiger worm toilets, before they came, communcal toilets were shared between 10,000 peop
Only emptied once every 2 months (labour intensive and expensive)
25 blocks constructed in Mingan
17 commnual blocks in Say Tha Mar Gyi internally displaced persons camp
Plans for 20 more in new locations
Pros
Pits only need to be excavated once every 4 years
Reduce risk of disease
Cheap to construct
Environmentally and economically sustainable as th
Drawbacks
2Kg of worms needed for each toilet, not locally sourced
In May 2017, Cyclone Mora caused widespread damage to toilets
Top-down development
Strategies funded and carried out by large governments or large international organisations like world bank
Positives
Government funds can be provided
Can provide employment
Can takle larger issues
Negatives
Can be slow moving
May suffer from budget cuts abnd corruption
May harm local people
Mytisone Dam
$3.6bn dam Chinese financed
Cons
If the govt cancels the project it could have to pay $800m to the state owned Chinese developer has already spent
Not going ahead will ruin trade and debt relations with China, high jade trade
Ruin culturally significiant irrawaddy river and displace villagers
Pros
Myanmar guaranteed 10% of dam's electricity free, and could buy more
Could lead to 7 more dams built by China
Double electricy supply
Development timeline
Military Coup in 2021 overthrew the government
Cyclone Nargis killed 138,000 in 2008, $10 billion damage
US suspends access to trade benefits in 1989 following human rights abuses
In 1989, changes name to Myanmar to break from colonial past
Military forces kill 10,000 at 8888 uprising, thousands flee to Thailand
Under the Military coup, the Military juncta nationalise most industries including media, oil and tourism
General Ne Win takes control of the country by a miliatry coup in 1962, he rules until 1974
Duirng WW2, to prevet the Japanese tacking advantage of Burmese resources, British launched a scorched earth policy, destroying all buildings
British colony from 1824 - 1948