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2. Grammatical meaning of the word. - Coggle Diagram
2. Grammatical meaning of the word.
The word combines in its semantic structure
two meanings:
Lexical *
Lexical meaning
is the individual meaning of the word (e.g. table).
Subjective
lexical meaning is necessitated by the speaker’s means
Open
lexicon of the language presents an open system
Individual & autonomous
refers to the sense (or meaning) of a word (or lexeme) as it appears in a dictionary
this component of meaning identical in all the forms of the word the meaning of a word in relation to the physical world or to abstract concepts, without reference
to any sentence in which the word may occur
Grammatical
Grammatical meaning
is the meaning of the whole class or a subclass. For example, the class of nouns has the grammatical meaning of thingness
Closed
The grammar of the language presents a closed system
General & Interdependent
finds expression only in combination with lexical meaning
the meaning of a word by reference to its function within a sentence rather than to a world outside the sentence
Regular
Grammatical meanings have a regular and obligatory character
EXAMPLE:
If we take a noun (table) we may say that it possesses its individual
lexical meaning
(it corresponds to a definite piece of furniture) and the
grammatical meaning of thingness
(this is the meaning of the whole class). Besides, the noun ‘table’ has the grammatical meaning of a subclass – countableness.
Any verb
combines its individual lexical meaning with the grammatical meaning of verbiality – the ability to denote actions or states.
An adjective
combines its individual lexical meaning with the grammatical meaning of the whole class of adjectives – qualitativeness – the ability to denote qualities
Adverbs
possess the grammatical meaning of adverbiality – the ability to denote quality of qualities.
BUT:
There are some classes of words that are devoid of any lexical meaning and possess the grammatical meaning only. This can be explained by the fact that they have no referents in the objective reality. All function words belong to this group –
articles, particles, prepositions, etc.