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Landforms Caused by Plate Movement - Coggle Diagram
Landforms Caused by Plate Movement
Convergent Plate Boundaries
Oceanic-Continental
Convergent Plate Boundaries
Oceanic plate converges with a continental plate
Denser Oceanic plate subducts beneath less dense continental plate
Forms an Oceanic Trench
High pressure forces water out of oceanic crust, which lowers melting point of overlying mantle, causing it to melt and forming magma
Magma rises through weak points in the crust to Earth's surface, forming volcanoes on the continental plate
Enormous pressure at this plate boundary causes rock on continental plate to uplift and buckle, forming fold mountains
Real life landforms
Oceanic Nazca plate converges with continental South American plate
Peru-Chile Trench
Andes fold mountain range
Nevado del Ruiz volcano
Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent Plate Boundaries
Oceanic plate converges with another oceanic plate
Denser oceanic plate subducts beneath less dense oceanic plate
Forms an elongated and deep depression; an oceanic trench
High pressure forces water out of its oceanic crust as the subducting plate sinks into the mantle. The water lowers the boiling point of mantle, causing it to melt and forming magma
Magma rises through weak points in the crust to the Earth surface, forming a chain of volcanoes; volcanic islands
Real life landforms
Oceanic Philippine plate converges with oceanic Pacific plate
Mariana Trench
Mariana Islands
Continental-Continental Convergent Plate Boundaries
Continental plate converges with another continental plate
No subduction occurs as the plates are too buoyant
Enormous pressure causes the rocks to uplift and buckle to form fold mountains
Real life landforms
Continental Indian plate converges with continental Eurasian plate to form Himalayas
Earthquakes may occur
Caused by friction along convergent plate boundary
Divergent Plate Boundaries
Oceanic-Oceanic Divergent Plate Boundaries
Two oceanic plates move apart
Decrease in overlying pressure causes parts of underlying mantle to melt, forming magma
Magma rises through weak areas in earth's crust and fills gaps caused by spreading plates
Lava cools and solidifies to form basaltic rocks, which make up a new oceanic crust
an extensive underwater mountain chain, the mid-ocean ridge, forms
Centre of the ridge is a deep valley with steep sides
Magma rises through weak areas in the crust and to earth's surface
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Real life examples
Oceanic North American Plate and oceanic Eurasian plate move apart from each other
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Continental-Continental Divergent Plate Boundaries
Two continental plates move apart
Rocks eventually fracture to form parallel faults
The rocks between these faults collapse, forming a deep rift valley with steep sides
As plates move apart, decrease in overlying pressure causes parts of underlying mantle to melt, forming magma, which rises through weak points in the crust and to the earth's surface, forming volcanoes
Earthquakes occur as stress and tension are released when plates move
Real life example
Nubian plate pulls away from Somalian plate
Forms the Great Rift Valley
Forms volcanoes such as Mount Kenya and Mount Kilimanjoro