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Nutrients, Types of fats, Saturated
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Nutrients
MacroNutrients
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Functions
Triglycerides (broken down lipid) is stored as adipose tissue.
Heat insulation: a layer of subcutaneous fat under the skin reduces fat loss in mammals and birds.
Cell membranes: are composed of phospholipids.
Steroid hormones: cannot be manufactured without lipids.
Buoyancy: lipids are less dense than water so help animals to float.
Carbohydrates are stored in the muscle and liver and excess carbohydrate can be converted and stored as triglyceride.
Both carbohydrates and triglycerides are mainly used as fuel sources.
Protein is not normally used for fuel but amino acids (broken down protein) can be used to build muscle fibres.
Function of proteins depends on their structure, shape and size.
Structural: muscle, bones, skin and cells
Transport/communication: hormones, receptors, neurotransmitters
Protective: antibodies, anti-inflammatory
Enzymatic: Digestion, metabolism
Water is the main component of cells, urine, sweat, and blood, and makes up about two thirds of total body weight. Water is used for transport and for cooling.
When fluid is lost, cells become dehydrated and their and their functions are impaired. Cells cannot build tissue or utilize energy efficiently. Urine is not produced and toxins accumulate in the blood. Sweating does not occur and body temperature rises. Blood volume decreases and their less blood to transport oxygen and nutrients.
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Transport: Nutrients, metabolites, waste and resparotary gases
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Glucose Molecule makeup 
MicroNutrients
Vitamins
Deficiencies in certain minerals can sometimes impede athletic performance. For example, female athletes might find it necessary to take iron supplements during heavy training
include calcium, potassium, iron, sodium, phosphorus, and chlorine.
All of these are important in cellular functions such as muscle contraction, fluid balance and energy systems.
Minerals
Fat soluble are A, D, E and K. They are usually stored in the body, and high levels of these can be toxic.
Water soluble are the B group and Vitamin C. These must be supplied regularly and frequently to the body through diet or supplementation. Because they dissolve in water they are easily expelled from the body.
Types of fats
Unsaturated fats
Liquid at room temperature, from plant sources.
Examples: Olive oil, Canola oil, sunflower oil
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