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Equivalence :star: - Coggle Diagram
Equivalence :star:
Roman Jakobson
Intralingual t. 'rewoding'
‘an interpretation of verbal
signs by means of other signs of the same language’
Interlingual t. 't. proper'
‘an interpretation of
verbal signs by means of some other language’
Intersemiotic t. 'transmutation'
‘an interpretation of verbal
signs by means of signs of non-verbal sign systems’
problem of equivalence in meaning
linguistic universalism
linguistic relativity or determinism
Peter Newmark (1916–2011)
A Textbook
of Translation (1988)
Approaches to Translation (1981)
translation
communicative
attempts to produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original
semantic
attempts to render, as closely as the semantic and syntactic structures of the second language allow, the exact contextual meaning of the original
Eugene Nida
The Theory and Practice of Translation (1969)
Toward a Science of
Translating (1964)
three-stage system of translation
SL analysis
transfer
restructuring
types of equivalence
Dynamic
based on ‘the principle of equivalent effect’
Formal
focuses attention on the
message itself, in both form and content
Noam
Chomsky’s work
kernel sentences
he theory of a universal generative–transformational grammar
Saussure (1857–1913)
sign
signifier
the spoken and written signal
signified
the concept
Koller
types of equivalence relations
Text-normative
related to text types, with different kinds of texts behaving in different ways
Pragmatic=communicative
is oriented towards
the receiver of the text or message
Connotative
related to lexical choices, especially between near-synonyms
Formal
related to the form and aesthetics of the text, includes wordplays and the individual stylistic features of the ST
Denotative
related to equivalence of the extralinguistic
content of a text