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Colorectal Cancer - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Hyperplastic
        
        Increase in goblet cells, overcrowded cells gives crypts a serrated appearance
      - Inflammatory
        
        CHronic cycles of injury and repair (seen in IBD), shows inflmmation, erosions, granulation tissue and regenerative crypts
      - Hamartomatous
        
        disorganized growth of benign tissues native to colon
    - - Adenomas
        
        Tubular Adenoma
        
        growth on a pedicle, overcrowded and disorganized glands within the mucosa
        
        Vilous Adenoma Architecture
        
        Growth without pedicle
        
        Sessile Serrated Adenoma/Lesion
        
        Similar to hyperplastic polyp, but carries risk of progression to carcinoma
  - - - Autosomal dominant inference, resulting in microsatelite instability
      - Most common hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome caused by muatstions in mismatch repair genes
    - - Hundreds of thousands of adenomas in large and small bowels
    - - Autosomal dominant -> Multiple polyps in small bowel -> Colon -> Sotamch -> Distinct mucocutaneous melannin pigmentation
- - - - FIT: Every year
        Colonscopy: Every 10 years
        Flexible SIgnmoidoscopy: Every 5-10 years
        CT Colonogrpahy: every 5 years
    - - Colonscopy at 40 or 10 years younger than youngest afected relative then every 10 years, unless FDR is younger than 60
- - - - Tumor suppressor genes maintain stability during replication
      - Mutations -> Decreased tumor suppresor genes -> Abnormal chromosomal copy number + structure
    - - Mutations of DNA mismatch repair -> repetitive DNA sequences -> Instability
    - - Methylation of CpG islands assoicated wtih promoter regions -> decreased gene expression (DNA mismatch gene)