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Atoms, Elements and Compounds - Coggle Diagram
Atoms, Elements and Compounds
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
Elements: Group of atoms that share the SAME number of protons. It cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical methods.
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Atomic Structure
An atom comprises three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons and electrons.
The atom is mostly space with a positively charged nucleus consisting of protons and neutrons in the centre and electrons in the space around the nucleus (held together by the electrostatic force of attraction between them and the positively charged nucleus)
The characteristics of neutrons, protons and electrons are as follows:
Since electrons and protons have opposing and equal charges, the atom’s overall charge is neutral.
Neutrons have the purpose of holding the nucleus together. The larger the nucleus gets, the more are the neutrons required to hold the nucleus together
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Isotopes
Isotopes: different atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
The isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties because they contain the same number of outer shell electrons and therefore have the same electronic configuration.
Radioisotopes: certain isotopes such as Carbon-14 and Tritium have a nucleus so heavy that they are radioactive in nature. Their nucleus is unstable and breaks up spontaneously.
Relative Atomic Masses
Most elements exist naturally as a mixture of their isotopes. Using the data on the abundance of these naturally occurring isotopes, we can calculate the mass relative atomic mass of the element.
NOTE: for all purposes, the mass numbers of elements have been rounded off to the nearest whole number; however, only Chlorine is used with its actual mass number of 35.5. This is for the sake of simplicity of calculation
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BONDING
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Metallic Bonding
Metallic Bonds have good electrical conductivity: Delocalised electrons can move through the structures and carry current.
High Melting and Boiling Point: More energy to overcome strong forces of attraction between positive metal ions and the sea of delocalised electrons & Vibrate/Transfer Heat
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