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The principles of hereditary - Coggle Diagram
The principles of hereditary
who?
Gregory Mendel
1822-1884
he discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance
He deduced that genes come in pairs and are inherited as distinct units, one from each parent
Alleles
is one of two or more versions of DNA sequence (a single base or a segment of bases) at a given genomic location.
Cross
Monohybrid cross
two pea plants of opposite traits (one short and one tall) and crossed them
first generation offspring were tall and Mendel called it F1 progeny
he crossed F1 progeny and obtained both tall and short plants in the ratio 3:1.
Dihybrid cross
Mendel considered two traits, each having two alleles.
crossed wrinkled-green seed and round-yellow seeds
observed that all the first generation progeny (F1 progeny) were round-yellow
This meant that dominant traits were the round shape and yellow color.
Laws of inheration
Law of dominance
hybrid offspring will only inherit the dominant trait in the phenotype
The alleles are called the recessive traits while the alleles that determine the trait are known as the dominant traits.
first law of mendel
Law of segregation
during the production of gametes, two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent
third law of mendel
Law of Independent Assorment
second law of mendel
a pair of traits segregates independently of another pair during gamete formation.
Genotype vs Phenotype
genotype is the combination of alleles that they possess for a specific gene
is directly inherited from its parents
phenotype is the combination of their observable characteristics or traits.
is merely influenced by genotype, but environmental factors can also affect phenotype.