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STRATEGIES FOR CONSERVING THE BIODIVERSITY AND GENETIC RESOURCES OF…
STRATEGIES FOR CONSERVING THE BIODIVERSITY AND GENETIC RESOURCES OF NATURAL ECOSYSTEM
Sustainable Harvesting: It means to find new ways of taking wild animals and plants to leave enough to future generations. The most well known examples of this are fisheries, forestry and medicinal plants.
Sustainable forestry: It works by letting the trees of valuable species to allow themselves to grow in order to let the forest repair themself.
Agroforestry: Is a land management system in which crops are grown around trees. They worked by the trees enriching the soil when the leaves fall, providing food for animals and firewood for people.
Seed banks,zoos and captive breeding
Zoos: They provide education about the illegal trade of animals, the zoos make scientific research on the control of diseases and animal behavior and they have a very important role in captive-breeding progammes to increase species numbers.
Captive Breeding: The captive breeding programmes are used to preserve the species, increase their numbers and to maintain the genetic diversity of the species.
Seed Banks: If wildlife is destroyed by habitat destruction, seeds are saved in seed banks.
Extractive reserves
Extractive reserves attempt to find a balance between destroying the forest for short-term benefit and stopping all economic activity, which can have an impact on local people.
Rainforest preservation is linked to the necessity of ensuring justice and opportunities for the people who live there.
As Chico Mendes said: “At first I thought I was fighting to save rubber trees, then I thought I was fighting to save the Amazon rainforest. Now I realize I am fighting for humanity.”
World biosphere reserves
Biosphere reserves represent another way of trying to strike a balance between conservation while at the same time meeting peoples’ needs.
Core area
Buffer zone
Transition zone
Is where local communities and conservation organizations work together to manage the area for the benefit of the people who live there.
Here, more research is carried out, together with education and tourism. It contains field stations with laboratories and recreational facilities.
Here, human activities are restricted to monitoring and possibly some research.
One advantage of biosphere reserves is that they are recognised internationally via the UNESCO. This can improve the success of the reserve because it makes it easier to attract funding and the support of experts in the conservation community. The benefits of biosphere reserves are many and affect local people, local government, scientists and the world in general.
Sustainable tourism and ecotourism
Tourism is a source of income for a country, but it can also be very damaging, some habitats are destroyed to provide accommodation, the huge but temporary increase of population leads to pollution and other problems. tourism can be managed in a sustainable way to prevent damage to habitats, this is call sustainable tourism, ecotourism is a sustainable tourism that is guided by environmental principles.
National Parks,wild life and ecological reserves and corridors
The world's first national park was designated in 1872 in the USA.
Yellowstone park has an area of 898 318 ha (8983 km2) that protects nearly 2000 species of plants and nearly 60 large mammals, including the grey wolf, lynx and bison. America now has 59 national parks, with total area of 210 000 km2, 2.18% of the country's total area
Worldwide there are about 113 000 nationals parks
The wildlife and ecological reserves are areas where the focus is management of the area for the wildlife and ecology
Wildlife corridors are areas of land that link large reserves or other wildlife areas. When natural habitats are fragmented, the remaining areas may be acquired and set up as reserves