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"How can titration be used to find out which type of eggs has the…
"How can
titration
be used to find out which
type of eggs
has the
best eggshell
?"
TYPES OF TITRATION
Acid-Base
Determines a concentration of acid or base through the neutralisation of an unknown solution. A pH indicator is utilised to monitor progress of reaction. This form of titration is not applicable to eggshells due to insolubility of eggshells within acidic substances such as HCL solution.
Back Titration
Back titration refers to a gradual addition of a known amount of excess reagent to determine the concentration of a analyte, commonly through the application of acids and bases, alongside a pH indicator such as a universal indicator or phenolphthalein. Additionally, this type of titration is utilised when an acid or base is an insoluble salt. As calcium carbonate is a slightly basic salt found in eggshells, the amount of this substance can be determined through this titration process. With the addition of a acidic solution, a known amount of a basic solution can also be added to achieve neutralisation.
TYPES OF ACIDS
Acetic Acid (Vinegar)
Hydrochloric Acid
Nitric Acid
Hydrochloric acid is able to disassociate almost completely and contains a pH of 1.1 at 38%, hence is an extremely strong acid. Whereas other acids such as acetic acid and ___ cannot disassociate completely, hence they are weak acids. Hydrochloric acid was selected due to it's strength and swiftness in dissolving eggshells to calculate the amount of calcium carbonate present.
Calcium carbonate is a slightly basic substance created with highly basic calcium ions, and weakly acid carbonate ions. HCL will be utilised to calculate the amount of calcium carbonate present in eggshells
Types of pH Indicators
Universal Indicator
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Phenolphthalein
Calcium Carbonate
Redox
Involves the process of oxidisation, transferring electrons between two species, and reduction. May involve the utilisation of a redox indicator. As egg shells do not oxidise like other materials, this method is not appropriate for a titration method within this scenario.
Factors resulting in the "best eggshell"
Egg Composition
Strength
Weight
Porosity
Texture
These physical factors cannot be tested through the utilisation of back titration. Additionally, factors such as strength and weight are heavily determined through the amount of calcium carbonate present in an eggshell. Hence, these factors will not be considered.
Sodium
Phosphorous
Magnesium
Zinc
Calcium carbonate
In most cases, eggshells are comprised of approximately 95% of calcium in the form of calcium carbonate, with the remaining 5% comprised of other elements listed. Hence, due to the abundance of these molecules, the amount of calcium carbonate will be the deciding factor of having the "best eggshell".
TYPES OF EGGS
Bird
Type of Bird Egg
Quail
Duck
Chicken
Chicken eggs are consumed by many daily, hence they are readily available fresh at supermarkets. In contrast, duck and quail eggs are less available, hence less fresh. Due to this, the chemical compounds of the shell may alter due to it's age, hence chicken eggs were selected.
Color of Chicken Eggs
Brown
A study conducted in 2011 concluded that brown eggshells contain a higher calcium concentration than white eggs. Therefore, brown eggs will be utilised.
Type of Chicken Egg
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White
Reptile
Fish
Fish eggs such as caviar and roe do not contain an outer shell that is removable without contamination of internal substances. Reptile eggs do contain an outer shell, however the availability is scarce. In addition, both types of eggs are too expensive to utilise in this experiment.
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