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Chapter 4: Communicating Verbally - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 4: Communicating Verbally
Definition
The form of communication in which message is transmitted verbally.
Verbal interactions or through written or text messages such as letters, emails, telegrams, SMS and other contemporary modes of transmission.
Differences
Oral communication
Spoken words are used
Face-to-face conversation, telephone conversation, video, radio, television, voice over internet
Influenced by the pitch, volume, speed and clarity of speaking
Pros
It brings quick feedback
In face to face conversation, by reading facial expression and body language
One guess whether he/she should trust what's being said or not
Cons
In face to face discussion, user is unable to deeply think about what he/she is delivering.
Written communication
Written signs or symbols are used to communicate. A written message may be printed or hand written .
Most common form of communication being used in business
Memos, reports, bulletins, job description, employee manuals and electronic mails are the types of written communication used for internal communication
Pros
Messages can be edited and revised many time before it is actually sent.
Provides record and can be saved for later sturdy
Enables receiver to fully understand it and send appropriate feedback
Cons
Unlike oral communicate, written communication as compared to word of mouth, and a number of people struggles for writing ability.
Denotation
Literal meaning
Found in a dictionary
Connotation
Individual's feeling of the meaning
Found within an individual (emotional or personal response to a word)
Polarization
Process that cause neutral parties to take sides in a conflict
Causes individuals on either side of the conflict to take increasingly extreme positions that are more and more opposed to each other
Equivocation
The deliberate use of vague or ambiguous language, with the intent of deceiving other or avoiding commitment to a specific stance
Principles of S-W Hypothesis
Linguistic relativity
People who speak different languages perceive and think about the world quite differently from one another.
Linguistic determinism
The language we use to some extent determines the way in which we view and think about the world around us
Phatic Communication
Known as small talk, the nonreferential use of language to share feelings or establish a mood of sociability rather than to communicate information or ideas.
Verbal
Receptionists use routine greetings to begin and end phone conversation.
Sociologists suggest that making small talk opens up a social conversation
Non-verbal
A simple wave is a type of non-verbal phatic communication, it is a cliched routine that communicates a widely-known meaning
Such as a handshake, is a good opening to conversation
Types of Deception
Omission
Leaving out consequential pieces of information in one's story
Exaggeration
Inflating or overstating information that is true in principle
Equivocation
Giving vague or ambiguous information to create a false impression
Falsification
Passing off false or fabricated statements as though they were true