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History of the Earth - Coggle Diagram
History of the Earth
Absolute Dating
Fossils
Index Fossils
Classification
Mold
Trace
Cast
True Form
Formation
Permineralization (petrification)
Carbonization
Unaltered Preservation
Replacement
Authigenic Preservation
Recrystalization
Geologic Time Scale
Time Periods
Period (one hundred million years)
Epoch (tens of million years)
Era (several hundred million years)
Age (millions of years)
Eon (half a billion years)
Arthur Holmes
Significant Events
Precambrian
Archean Eon
Proterozoic Eon
Hadean Eon
Phanerozoic
Paleozoic Era
Mesozoic Era
Cenozoic Era
Radiometric methods
Radioactive Isotopes
Potassium-40
Rubidium-87
Uranium-238
Carbon-14
Most common technique
Radioactive minerals in rocks
Igneous rocks
metamorphic rocks
Relative Dating
Steno's Law of Stratigraphy
Law of Original Horizontality
Rock layers are deposited horizontally
Law of Lateral Continuity
Rock layers are continuous horizontally
Can be disrupted or displaced by geological events
Law of Superposition
Youngest rocks are at the top
older are at the bottom
Fundamental Principle
Law of Cross-cutting relationships
Intrusions
Folds
Faults
They are younger than the rock they cut through
Unconformities
Disconformities
erosional surface
Nonconformities
Igneous and sedimentary
Metamorphic or sedimentary
Angular Unconformities
Tilted
Eroded
Paraconformities
Parallel
No erosion events
Stratigraphy
Geologic dating
Relative dating
Absolute Dating