Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Industrial and Agricultural Changes - changes in Industry and Agriculture,…

- - - - 1953: grains stocks were lower than had been th case under the tsar - there were fewer animals in the USSR than under the tsar
      - high taxes on farmers meant there wan no incentive to improve productivity
    - - taxation was changed so that, for example, peasants who did not own livestock did not have to give meat as part of their taxes
      - the govt also increased fertiliser production
      - 1952-1958:grain incomes doubled
      - the govt increased state procurement prices - by 25% from 1953 to 1956
      - the state also cut the running costs of the kholkhozy (collective farms) including for transport and equipment
  - - - the govt encouraged young Communist Party members to go east and enact the plan
        
        they were given a promise of guaranteed payment
      - the areas were turned into sovkhozes (state farms)
        
        each was between 20,000 and 40,000 hectares
      - 28 million hectares of previously idle land existed in Siberia and Kazakhstan
    - - the plan was too ambitious
        
        the Ruddian steppe was not as fertile as the American plains
      - too much enthusiasm led to poor plannning
      - the soil was often very arid, and this quickly created dust storms
      - droughts were common
      - there was not enough fertiliser
      - housing for volunteers was inadequate
    - - he wanted to compete with the American plains
      - 1954: the Central Committee approved the plan
      - Khrushchev proposed a plan to use lands which had not been farmed to improve grain production
- - - - demand continued to be higher than supply
    - - this helped citizens to access consumer goods
  - - - the KGB tried to stop drunkenness and people missing work
  - - - the plan missed its targets
  - - - major economic reform stopped after 1964
        
        long-term problems had led to an inefficient economy
        
        productivity remained low
      - economic growth slowed during the 1960s, 70s and 80s
    - - as B increased spending, resources could not be used to foster economic growth
      - these decisions led to stationary economy by 1985
- - - - Khrushchev set up regional economic councils
        
        there were 105 of them
        
        the regional councils replaced the national ministries
        
        their aim was to avoid the waste and over-regulation, in reality they created another layer of bureaucracy
      - also greater focus on light industry
    - - productivity remained low
      - targets continues to come from the centre
        
        meeting targets mattered more than meeting the needs of the country or its industrial sector
    - - consumer goods and chemicals production increasdd
      - overall growth was lower than Khrushchev had hoped for
        
        chemical production missed its target by 20%
    - - the focus on light industry was accompanied by more chemical production under the plan
        
        chemical fertilisers could be used to support Khrushev's agriculture policies, such as the Corn Campaign
      - Khrushchev introduced a Seven-Year Plan in 1959
  - - - Khrushchev famously said: ' It is no use everyone having the right ideology if they have to walk around without any trousers'.
      - he also joked that you 'cannot put theory in your soup or Marxism in your clothes'
    - - Khrushchev introduced a minimum wage in 1956
      - average household income increased
      - diets became more varied - people were less reliant in bread and potatoes
      - overall standards of living increased marginally