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Kinetic Model of Matter - Coggle Diagram
Kinetic Model of Matter
Kinetic model of matter
The kinetic model of matter states that all matter is made up of tiny particles that are in constant and random motion
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Brownian motion
Brownian motion refers to the continuous and random motion of particles, such as pollen grains in water and dust specks in air, suspended in fluids. The continuous movement of particles are due to the random and constant bombardment of particles by fluid particles
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Pressure of gases
Moving gas molecules bombard the walls of the container and exert a force. This force per unit area is the pressure exerted by the gas on the walls of the container
Relationship between pressure, volume and temperature
Pressure and temperature
At higher temperatures, particles will have a greater average speed as they gain kinetic energy. this causes the particles of the gas to bombard the walls of the container at a higher frequency and with a greater force per collision. Since P = F/A, gas pressure will increase with increasing temperature
Temperature and volume
When temperature increases, particles will move at a greater average speed and will bombard the walls of the container at a higher frequency, with a greater force per collision. This results in a rise in the gas pressure in the container. In order to maintain a constant pressure, the air will expand and particles will move further apart from each other (average distance between molecules increases). The gas occupies a larger volume and the number of molecules per unit area decreases. Thus, they will collide with the walls of the container with a lower frequency, but with a greater force
Pressure and volume
When volume decreases, the number of particles per unit volume increases. Hence the particles will bombard the walls of the container at a greater frequency and with a greater force, thus, gas pressure increases.
Molecular structure
Solids
Particles of a solid are very closely packed in an orderly arrangement, and the particles vibrate about their fixed positions
Liquids
Particles of a liquid are quite closely packed together in a disorderly arrangement and move by sliding over one another
Gases
Particles of a gas are very far apart in random directions, and they move at high speeds in random directions