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CONGENITAL DEFECTS - Coggle Diagram
CONGENITAL DEFECTS
Arise during embryogenesis (weeks 3-8)
Seen in 1% of live births (defects are sporadic)
Left is Systemic & Right is Pulmonary
Left to Right shunting
Complications
Increased flow through the pulmonary circulation results in hypertrophy of pulmonary vessels and pulmonary hypertension
Increased pulmonary resistance → reversal of shunt →late cyanosis (Eisenmenger syndrome) with right ventricular hypertrophy + polycythemia+ clubbing
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Right-to-left shunting
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Types
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TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
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Characterized by:
1) Stenosis of the right ventricular outflow tract
2) Right ventricular hypertrophy
3) VSD
4) Aorta that overrides the VSD
Early cyanosis
Patients squat (increased arterial resistance decreases shunting and allows more blood to reach the lungs)
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