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CHARACTERISTICS OF OCD, DEPRESSION AND PHOBIAS - Coggle Diagram
CHARACTERISTICS OF OCD, DEPRESSION AND PHOBIAS
OCD
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compulsions reduce anxiety - the vast majority of compulsive behaviours are performed in an attempt to manage the anxiety produced by obsessions
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DEPRESSION
Behavioral
activity levels - typically people with depression have reduced levels of energy, making them lethargic
disruption to sleep and eating behaviour - a person may experience reduced sleep particularly premature waking or an increased need for sleep
agression and self - harm - people with depression are often irritable and in some cases they can become verbally or physically agressive
Emotional
lowered mood - it is more pronounced than in the daily kind of experience of feeling lethargic and sad
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Cognitve
poor concentration - a person may find themselves unable to stick with a task as they usually would, or they might find it hard to make decisions that they would normally find straighforward
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absolutist thinking - most situations are not all - good or all - bad but when a person is depressed they tend to think in these terms
PHOBIAS
Behavioural
panic - may involve a range of behaviours involve a range of behaviours including crying, screaming or running away
aviodance - when the person goes to a lot of effort to prevent coming in contact with the phobic stimulus
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Emotional
anxiety - phobias are classified as anxiety disorder so by definition then they involve an emotional response of anxiety, an unpleasant state of high arousal
fear - the immediate and extremely unpleasant response we experience when we encounter or think about a phobic stimulus
unreasonable emotional response - anxiety or fear which is much greater then the norm and disproportionate to any threat posed
Cognitve
selective attention to the phobic stimulus - is if a person can see the phobic stimulus it is hard to look away from it
irrational beliefs - a person with a phobia may hold unfounded thoughts in relation to phobic stimulus
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TREATMENT OF PHOBIAS
Flooding
STRENGTH
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- flooding can work in as little as one session as opposed to SD which takes ten sessions to supposedly achieve the same results
- this means that more people can be treated at the same cost with flooding than with SD or other therapies
- also allows people to go back into the workplace adding the economy
LIMITATION
- can be seen as a traumatic expereince/unpleasant expereince
- confronting your phobic stimulus in such an extreme provokes high levels of anxiety
- Schumacher et al found that participants rated flooding significantly more stressful than SD which raises the ethical issues for psychologists
- furthermore, the traumatic nature of flooding means attrition/dropout rates are higher than SD
- suggesting that overall therapists may avoid using this treatment
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