skeletal system elizabeth gomez-barajas p2

all bones (206 bones)

types of bones

anatomy of long bone

microscopic anatomy of bone tissue

bone remodeling

bone fracture repair

joints

movements allowed by synovial joints

differences between male and female skeleton

disorders/diseases

short bones

long bones

flat bones

irregular bones

sesamoid (round) bones

almost equal in length

plate - like shape with broad surface

examples; ribs,scapula, flattened skull bones

small nodular bones that develop within the tendon; special type of short bone

example - patella

examples; bones of the wrist and ankles

long with expanded ends

examples; arm and leg bones

varied shape

examples; vertebrae,some facial bones

epiphyses

articular cartilage

diaphysis

periosteum

medullary cavity

endosteum

bone marrow

compact bone

hollow chamber on the diaphysis

very tightly packed tissue, makes up the wall of the diaphysis

special type of connective tissue that fills the medullary cavity

thin layer of cells that line the medullary cavity

tough layer of dense tissue that covers the bone and is continuous with ligaments and tendons

(hyaline cartilage) covers the epiphyses

expanded ends of bones that form joints with adjacent bones

the shaft of the bone

flexion

extension

lateral flexion

hyperextension

abduction

adduction

dorisflexion

planter flexion

rotation

circumduction

pronation

supination

rotation of forearm so that the palm is facing downward or posteriorly

rotation of forearm so that the palm is facing upward or anteriorly

movement of a part around an axis

movement of a part so its end follows a circular path

ankle movement that moves the foot farther from the shin; points the toes

ankle movement that brings the foot closer to the shin

moving a body part away from the midline

straightening beyond normal anatomical position

bending the head, neck, or trunk to the side

straightening parts at a joint, so that the angle between them increases

bending p[arts at a a joint, so that angle between them decreases

inversion

eversion

protraction

retraction

elevation

depression

lowering a part of the body

moving a part of the body backward

turning the sole (planter surface) of the foot medially

turning the sole (planter surface) of the foot laterally

moving a part of the body forward

raising a part of the body

fibrous joints

cartilaginous joints

axial skeleton

appendicular skeleton

skull

middle ears

vertebral column

hyoid

thoracic cage

pectoral girdle

upper limbs

pelvic girdle

lower limbs

rib - 24

sternum - 1

24 bones

cervical vertebrae - 7

thoracic vertebrae- 12

lumbar vertebrae - 5

sacrum - 1

coccyx - 1

26 bones

hyoid bone - 1

1 bone

malleus - 2

incus - 2

stapes - 2

6 bones

cranial bones -1

frontal - 1

temporal - 2

parietal - 2

sphenoid - 1

facial bones - 14

maxilla - 2

lacrimal - 2

zygomatic - 2

nasal - 2

palatine - 2

vomer - 1

inferior nasal concha -2

mandible - 1

occipital - 1

ethmoid - 1

22 bones

coxal - 2

2 bones

scapula - 2

clavicle - 2

4 bones

humerus - 2

ulna - 2

radius - 2

metacarpal - 10

carpals - 16

phalanx - 28

60 bones

femur - 2

fibula -2

tarsal - 14

phalanx - 28

tibia - 2

patella - 2

metatarsals - 10

60 bones

hematoma

most immovable such as the sutures

connected by either hyaline or fibrocartilage

synovial joint

articular ends of the bones in a synovial

osteocyte

lamellae

central (haversian) canal

canaliculi

extracellular matrix

osteons (haversian system)

perforating (volkmann's) canals

spongy bone

bone cells that are located within the chambers known as lacunae

concentric circles of matrix

a cylindrical tube

tiny canals that passes nutrients and gases

consist mainly of collagen and inorganic salts

organized the osteocytes and extracellular matrix layers

help osteons share blood supply

made of osteocytes and extracellular matrix

female

male

pelvic girdle

pelvic cavity

sacrum

coccyx

female hip bones are lighter, thinner, and have less evidence of muscular attachments

wider in all diameters, is shorter, roomier, and less funnel-shaped

wider

more moveable

pelvic girdle

oburator is more of an oval shape

osteoarthritis

osteogenesis imperfecta

osteosarcoma

osteomyelitis

paget's disease

an infection in the bone

from puncture infection, circulatory disorders, iv catheterization

metabolic bone disease affecting the break down and rebuilding of bone

exact cause unknown, possible viral infection, hereditary

malignant bone tumor

possible linkage to fluoridate water, radiotherapy for unrelated conditions, hereditary

protective cartilage at ends of bones wears down

older age, more common in female, joint injuries

a genetic disorder that causes brittle bones

frequent fractures, deafness, congenital mutation

fibrocartilage formation

bony callus formation

bone remodeling

blood escapes from ruptured blood vessels

spongy bone forms in regions close to developing blood cells

a hard (bony) callus replaces fibrocartilage

osteoclasts remove excess bone tissue, restoring new bone structure much like the original

osteoblasts

osteoclasts

resorb bone throughout life

deposit bone throughout life