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TEXTS & TEXTUALITIES IN THE DIGITAL CONTEMPORARY, what is literature ?…
TEXTS & TEXTUALITIES IN THE DIGITAL CONTEMPORARY
Why Read the Classics
Perpetual Relevance: Calvino argues that classic works remain relevant across time
Enduring Human Values
Philosophical Insights
Universal Applicability
Continual Rereading: He suggests that classic works are not exhausted by a single reading.
Depth of Understanding
Retention of Information
Dialogue Across Time: emphasizes the importance of classics as a form of dialogue between past and present.
Literary Inheritance: He contends that classics are part of our literary heritage.
Rich Indigenous Literary Traditions
Critical Thinking
Personal Connection: Calvino encourages readers to forge a personal connection with the classics.
By Italo Calvino (October 9, 1986)
Masks Of Conquest: Literary Study & British Rule in India
By Gauri Viswanathan (1989)
English Education as a Tool of Colonization
Imposition of Western Ideals and Values
Erosion of Literary Diversity:
Loss of Cultural Identity
Transformation of Indian Identity: Viswanathan suggests that the adoption of English language and education led to a significant transformation of Indian identity.
Suppression of Indigenous Knowledge Systems
Negation of Native Literature
Emphasis on Western Literary Canon
Diminished Academic Study and Research
Resistance and Hybrid Identities
Survival Strategies
Cultural Adaptation
On some functions of literature
Aesthetic Experience: Eco may discuss how literature provides an aesthetic experience through language, narrative structure, and style. He might emphasize the beauty and artistic qualities of literary work
Exploration of Human Experience: Eco could argue that literature allows for the exploration of complex human experiences, emotions, and thoughts. It serves as a mirror to the human condition
Cultural Reflection: Eco might suggest that literature reflects and critiques the cultural and social values of a particular time and place. It provides insights into the society in which it is created.
Communication and Connection: Eco may highlight the role of literature in facilitating communication between individuals and cultures. It can bridge gaps and foster empathy.
Entertainment and Escapism: Eco could discuss how literature serves as a source of entertainment and escapism, offering readers a break from the everyday and a chance to enter different worlds.
Cognitive Stimulation
Identity and Self-Reflection
Historical and Political Commentary
Cultural Preservation
Multiple Interpretations
Literature as a Cultural Product
Literature as Artistic Expression
The Complexity of Defining Literature
The Role of Interpretation
Literary Theory :- analyze and interpret literature
Functions of Literature :- like entertainment , social commentary etc
Reader;'s agency
Death of the Author [ Roland Barthes]
Literature is heavily focused on author's life
and emotions .
Surrealism uses automatic writing where hand writes without consious control of unconsious mind.
Writers main ability is to blend different writings together , never sticking to just one of them
Writers should realize that ideas in the head are actually made up of words and concepts that have been used before
To give an author to a text is to limit the text
A text unity does not lie in its origin but the destination .
Its a myth that the birth of the reader should be at the cost of the death of the author.
Medium is the Message [ Marshall Mccluhan]
Book is the' Understanding Media : The Extensions of Man [1964]
The way information is transmitted fundamentally shapes how people perceive it
IN oral culture information is transmitted through speech and storytelling
written languages encourage individualism
Media has unique characteristic that shape our perception and cognition
Medium also shapes social and cultural dynamics of the society.
what is literature ?