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Dissertation:, Pallaza della Civilta Italiana, OIP, milano-centrale…

- - - - Nazi Germany
        
        Germania: Volkshalle, Triumphal Arch, Fuhrerpalis
        
        Cult Mob Mentality:
        Capitol of the world. New Rome.
        
        Triumphal Arch
        
        North End
        
        Square
        
        Fuhrerpalast
        
        Volkshalle
        
        "We will be in the position to put Rome, our only competitor, in the shade"
        
        [31]
        
        South End
        
        "Triumphsbogens"
        (Triumphal Arch)
        
        Design
        
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        Background
        
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        Stats
        
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        Look into what Diss man said abt it! any good stuff?
        
        Big meaning
        
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        Sketches as early as 1925
        
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        Volkshalle
        
        Background
        
        St Peter's basilica woulda fit several times over in there
        
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        Hitler apparently compared it to cathedrals: capacity for 20,000 or sum for a pop of 18,000. In comparison, the Volkshalle would be tiny for Berlin!
        
        Stats
        
        Diameter: 825ft
        
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        Area (below dome): 410,000sq ft.
        
        Capacity: 150,000 standing
        
        Oh lord pg 184 got JUICY deets
        
        Design
        
        Directly inspired by Pantheon
        
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        Big fuckin golden eagle! this chapter has lots of deets
        
        need 2 or maybe 3 more refs
        
        If there's rly only the volkshalle, then maybe we could merge some chapters together and make it easier.!!
        
        Buildings that could "only be won with war" Speer, pg88
        
        Ch. 3
        
        Nuremberg:
        Ralley Grounds
        
        Congresshalle
        
        Duetsche Stadion
        
        Zeppelin Field
        
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        Stats
        
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        fun fax
        
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        Stats
        
        Designed by
        
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        Material
        
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        Size
        
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        Background
        
        Was never finished
        
        "it is the largest surviving relic of the dictatorial architecture of the Third Reich"
        
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        Based on the Colosseum and designed to be twice as big?
        
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        Architecture as control (manipulation and fear says the adventure lady)
        
        "THE POINT"
        
        The important deets and meanings behind your descriptions.
        Be lacing them in with every paragraph!
        There's a reason you're
        describing this building! :D
        
        Albert Speer as the fake "Good Nazi"
        
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        Architecture of intimidation - the yt vid
        
        Important purpose:
        Cult Mob Mentality
        Ruin Value
        
        Spare: Ehrentemple?
      - Ch. 1
        
        Milano Centrale train station
        
        Stats
        
        Interior
        
        Largest station in Europe by volume
        
        Reliefs depicting figures in roman attire on walls {5}
        
        Walls Covered with Marble and Travertine stone {5}
        
        Travertine being famously the Colosseum's marble {8}
        
        WW2 Significance
        
        Instrumental in holocaust
        
        Platform 21, secret underground
        
        Roman Significance
        
        Based on the Roman baths of Caracalla (by Stacchini, further inspired by Mussolini)
        
        Design
        
        Based on the Roman Baths of Caracalla {3}
        
        "Noble Classical Style" {8}
        
        Inspired by the Beaux Arts
        
        Designed by Ulisse Stacchini
        
        Art Deco inspiration {5}
        
        Great Gatsby vibe
        
        Art Nouveau Inspo {6}
        
        Like elven stuff
        
        Exterior
        
        Corners of the building have -fasces- carved into them {5}
        
        "At the insistence of Mussolini’s fascist regime the station building was decorated with symbols demonstrating strength and power" {6}
        
        It covers more than 103
        
        Important Purpose:
        Every Day Dominance
      - Colonialism ethiopiea
      - Ch. 2
        
        Foro Mussolini
        (Foro Italico)
        
        Stadio dei Marmi
        "Stadium of Marbles"
        
        Stats/History
        
        Materials:
        
        Design techniques:
        
        encircled by sixty 4-metre tall statues.
        
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        1 of 4 sports places build for the Foro Mussolini
        
        Built to celebrate Fascist accomplishments and the Gioventú del Littorio, Mussolini youth.
        
        Fascist regime using sports to promote their stuff
        
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        "The statues, monuments, and architecture produced under the Fascist regime were a fusion of ancient Roman and modern elements."
        
        Malone, Hannah. “Legacies of Fascism: Architecture, Heritage and Memory in Contemporary Italy.” Modern Italy, vol. 22, no. 4, 2017, pp. 461
        
        Romanita
        
        Designed by:
        
        Enrico Del Bebbio
        
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        Obelisk Thing
        
        mosaics
        
        Olympic building perhaps
        
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        Designed by: Angelo Canevari, Achille Capizzano, Guilio Rosso, and Gino Severini.
        
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        Part of Piazza dell'Impero
        
        Stele Mussolini
        
        Largest block of Marble extracted from the Apuan alps
        
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        17.5m High not counting base
        
        floated down the river by 36 oxen
        
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        Full deets of construction in the codex
        
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        Maybe compare to the EUR obelisk if need more content
        
        Big debates on whether they should remove fascist insignia now etc.
        
        Has Italy not come to terms with their role in ww2?
        
        Important Purpose:
        Physical Strength
    - - Ehrentempel
        
        The Leipzig thing is a nono (its pre ww2)
  - - - The more I familiarise myself with Mussolini, the more that 'uninterested and slightly uncomfortable' feeling goes away. He's now nearer the way I feel about hitler and nazis like a familiar foe!
        
        Page Layout: Based on photography book? I want it to NOT be a block of text, I want it to be designed well!
        
        Language/Text: I want to be able to re-read it and remember how much I enjoyed researching and learning about it! I want to be able to keep "how deep I got into it"
- - - - https://www-fulcrum-org.elib.tcd.ie/epubs/7p88ck31z?locale=en#page=6
    - - "Bombastic Sculptures". RETOURS. Retrieved 2 August 2018
        
        "Mussolini wanted milano centrale to represent fascist reigime"
      - 3
        
        https://aviewoncities.com/milan/central-station
        
        general stats on milano centrale
        
        4
        
        https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004299061/B9789004299061_017.xml
        
        Creatively written account of Hitlers admiration of Rome
        
        5
        
        https://buffaloah.com/a/virtual/italy/milan/train/train.html#:~:text=The%20station%20has%20no%20definite,is%20adorned%20with%20numerous%20sculptures.&text=Milan's%20monumental%20Stazione%20Centrale%20(Central,of%20Europe's%20largest%20railway%20stations.
        
        "Architecture Around the World" - more general stats on Milan Central Station
        
        (Photos 2016 Chuck LaChiusa)
        
        6
        
        https://retours.eu/en/29-milano-centrale/#
        
        "Milan's Megolomaniac Railway Terminal" - Lots of great pics
        
        7
        
        https://www.railwaywondersoftheworld.com/milan-central.html
        
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        8
        
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  - - - NAZI GERMANY
        
        Baird, J. To Die for Germany: Heroes in the Nazi Pantheon. Bloomington: The University of Indiana Press, 1990.
        
        Davidson, E. The Making of Adolf Hitler: The Birth and Rise of Nazism. Columbia: The University of Missouri Press, 1997.
        
        Fiss, K. Grand Illusion: The Third Reich, The Paris Exposition, and the Cultural Seduction of France, (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press), 2009, 67.
        
        Gerhard, P. Translated by P. Sutcliffe. “Seeing and Hearing in National Socialism.” In Munich and National Socialism, edited by Winfried Nerdinger, 470-78. Wemding: C. H. Beck, 2015.
        
        Giesler, H. Ein anderer Hitler: Bericht seines Architekten: Erlebnisse, Gespräche, Reflexionen. Leoni: Drüffel, 1977.
        
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      - FASCIST ITALY
        
        Antliff, M. “Fascism, Modernism, and Modernity.” The Art Bulletin 84 (2002): 148-169. Arthurs, J. Excavating Modernity: The Roman Past in Fascist Italy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2012. Kindle edition.
        
        Baxa, P. “Capturing The Fascist Moment: Hitler’s Visit to Italy in 1938 and the Radicalization of Fascist Italy,” Journal of Contemporary History, 42 (2007) 227-42. Baxa, P. Roads and Ruins: The Symbolic Landscape of Fascist Rome. Toronto: The University of Toronto Press, 2010.
        
        Buranelli, F. Between God and Man: Angels in Italian Art, Edited by R. Dietrick. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2007.
        
        Bosworth, R. Mussolini. London: Bloomsbury, 2010.
        Calza, G. “The Via dell’Impero and the Imperial Fora.” Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects. (1934): 489-508.
        
        Castelnuovo, G. “Roma di Mussolini: primo decennale della Rivoluzione Fascista.” In “Roma di Mussolini– Deccennale.” Special issue, Opera Pubbliche 2. 1932: 365.
        
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        {ITA.2} Hitler's visit to Rome. Didn't sign any agreements, so worthless right? since the Mussolini risked alienating the vatican and the monarch and all? Well this book claims it was to show the Italian people that Italy was following Germany to a fascist future!
        
        {ITA.1} The Nazis and the Fascists "looked both to a mythic past and a technological future in a manner that seems highly contradictory"
      - Misc...????
        
        Ballantyne, A. Architecture: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. Barisione, S. The Birth of Rome: Five Visions for the Eternal City. Miami: The Wolfsonian, 2013
        
        Benton, T. “Humanism and Fascism.” In E. S. Shaffer, Comparative Criticism: Volume 23, Humanist Traditions in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2001.
        
        Bonadella, P. The Eternal City: Roman Images in the Modern World. Chapel Hill and London: The University of North Carolina Press, 1987.
        
        Cassius Dio, Roman History, Vol. VI. Translated by Earnest Cary, Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1917.
        
        Coulton, J. Ancient Greek Architects at Work. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1982.
        
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- - - - Zambenedetti, Alberto (2010). "Filming in Stone: Palazzo Della Civiltà Italiana and Fascist Signification in Cinema". Annali d'Italianistica 28. 28: 199–215 – via JSTOR.
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    - - Casciato (2002), pp. 56-60
    - - Fascist epigraphy was meant to impose its beliefs on the public
        
        Flavia Marcello and Paul Gwynne (2015). "Speaking from the Walls: Militarism, Education, and Romanità in Rome's Città Universitaria (1932–35)". Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians. 74 (3): 323–343.